https://globalfamilymedicine.org/chile daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549085779664-2B2GHXLEUOPZS2IVZK9Y/chile.png Chile - Chile Population (2018): 18.05 M Income per Capita (2018): 15346.45 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 8.07% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549085962085-Q6LY2E4QHWAFGQG2XQ9F/chile+flag.jpg Chile - Healthcare System Chile has a universal and mixed healthcare system, with 80 people in the public system and 20 people in the private system. The family medicine care in Chile is recognized by Family Medicine Associations in influential positions, advisor’s health policies and systems. Politically it is recognized, however many Chileans lack the knowledge of a family physician (Nivelo, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585272476171-K7Q2ZHRGU4PYFAJJUJ00/image-asset.jpeg Chile https://globalfamilymedicine.org/costa-rica daily 0.75 2020-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549262698073-Q5P6T5H4VLEDDD8BOM7P/costa+rica+map.png Costa Rica - Costa Rica Population (2018): 4.906 M Income per Capita (2018): 1,630.67 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 8.15% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549262869861-VY416QNO31O5KOB426BW/costa+rica+flag+.png Costa Rica - healthcare system Costa Rica functions with universal and private healthcare, specifically at the CIMA hospital in Escazu, Clinica Biblica in San Jose and Hospital La Catolica in San Jose-Guadalupe. Family medicine in Costa Rica is recognized by Family Medicine Associations in influential positions and advisor’s health policies and systems (Arya et al. 2017) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585272594611-TXQ51FRW21DAVJ6F1NWO/image-asset.jpeg Costa Rica https://globalfamilymedicine.org/guatemala daily 0.75 2022-08-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549299603474-5LT7Q2G02WGDS19544S5/guatemala+f%3Blag.png Guatemala - healthcare system Healthcare is guaranteed by the Guatemalan constitution, many indigenous families living in rural areas have a hard time accessing healthcare due to language, culture, lack of specialists in rural areas, funding, etc. Healthcare in the public sub-sector is through a network of services from the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare, the IGSS, health services of the Ministries of Defence and Government, and San Carlos University. For-profit private sub-sector authorized by the MSPAS, and the non-profit private sub-sector consists of nongovernmental organizations (Central America Doctors & Health in the Americas -Volume II, 2007). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549299644079-588XBQV1N39N21AP75HV/guatemala+f%3Blag.png Guatemala - Guatemala Population (2018): 16.91 M Income per Capita (2018): 3124.21 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.72% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585273412899-4BGEV98VHS1RG3CQQYRO/image-asset.jpeg Guatemala https://globalfamilymedicine.org/hungary daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549385200248-MW4W7NWQXWNI4BV4IKK9/Hungary.gif Hungary - healthcare system Family medicine is recognized by the Hungarian Research Organization of Family Physicians, (CSAKOSZ), which was established in 2002 (CSAKOSZ, n.d.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549385123591-IFCNT75D7CUSROI7YBGI/hungary+map.png Hungary - Hungary Population (2017): 9.781 M Income per Capita (2018): 15,647.85 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 7.24% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099267922-DDFGK4NCKQ9ROQZWSUZ8/image-asset.jpeg Hungary https://globalfamilymedicine.org/argentina daily 0.75 2020-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1548953334469-G3UF4PWMW18JHAMLBKQ4/argentina+map.png Argentina - Argentina Population (2018): 44.27 M Income per Capita (2018): 10398.09 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.935% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1548953595215-E0XG2EJGKFQNBIMMMWK3/argentina+flag+.jpg Argentina - Healthcare system Argentina has a mixed healthcare system with public, private and social security sectors (Argentina Guide). Family medicine is recognized by the government, where they strive to provide free access to medical care (Argentina Guide). There are 51.76% of physicians in the public sub-sector, 39.08% in the private and 9.17% in the social security subsector (WHO). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585272194308-MBX1SP2S9MNA6O0H27VT/image-asset.jpeg Argentina https://globalfamilymedicine.org/peru daily 0.75 2022-07-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549344594593-3THHG7C5G81KQS4SG3BP/peru+map.png Peru - peru Population (2022): 33 397 000 M Income per Capita (2022): S/ 16 523.31 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2022): 4.16%% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549344693554-TR7MXQ05VN3FUHBHFBAV/peru+falg.gif Peru - healthcare system https://globalfamilymedicine.org/colombia daily 0.75 2020-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549086934395-8OH98CETG8KO93C8QQQQ/Colombia.png Colombia - Colombia Population (2018): 49.07 M Income per Capita (2018): 6301.59 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.19% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549087055088-6589W24OTWFUK5LO36WN/COLOMBIA.gif Colombia - Healthcare system The health system in Colombia is universal. In 1993, a reform transformed the healthcare system into a publicly funded system (Evans, 2014 & ABHI). Family medicine is recognized by Family Medicine Associations in influential positions, advisor’s health policies and systems. Also, recognized by the Ministry of Health and Social protection, who is responsible for managing, organizing and monitoring the healthy system (Arya et al., 2017 & Hernán, et al., 2017). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585272649992-OX4E9EMOWWEGUZ5MEVDA/image-asset.jpeg Colombia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/nicaragua daily 0.75 2020-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549343629651-1D09P50YOO6R3CC0S9KD/nicaragua+flag.gif Nicaragua - healthcare system The health care system in Nicaragua is a mixed healthcare system that is both public and private. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549343526284-R8596NJL7XW3PLEZ4E2M/Nicaragua+Map.png Nicaragua - Nicaragua Population (2018): 6.218 M Income per Capita (2018): 2016.32 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 7.81% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585273680835-YI8NLIMGECSFZVUWBMLO/image-asset.jpeg Nicaragua https://globalfamilymedicine.org/belarus daily 0.75 2020-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549384104460-VRS4KD7K44L1V9R552BW/belarus.gif Belarus - HEALTHCARE SYSTEM In 2001, the Belarusian Association of General Practitioners was created (Steylarts, n.d.). The healthcare system provides free medical establishments ensuring the right to health for all citizens. But, there are also private hospitals in this country. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549384014205-5SG2JDUCM74V7MPPG27V/belarus+map.png Belarus - bELARUS Population (2017): 9.508 M Income per Capita (2018): 6,375.82 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.11% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099107979-CQTKGIZHT6FV9TNFZXQL/image-asset.jpeg Belarus https://globalfamilymedicine.org/peurto-rico daily 0.75 2020-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549344930628-XJA1E6QWVD59Z681CCW8/peurto+ricomap.png Peurto Rico - pEURTO RICO Population (2018): 3.337 M Income per Capita (2018): 27308.99 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): Not found https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549346558444-Q4TF9XYHD53CVKDU4RA7/Puerto_Rican_Flag.gif Peurto Rico - healthcare system The healthcare system is mixed between both public and private systems, where Dr. Marina Almenas is trying to establish free health clinics. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585443318759-U7ZJEYJS69ENHNRXRF5T/image-asset.jpeg Peurto Rico https://globalfamilymedicine.org/georgia daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549384756206-XHD8DT7MOZU85IE03USA/Georgia.png Georgia - Georgia Population (2017): 3.717 M Income per Capita (2018): 4,290.17 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 7.93% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549384834785-RDFXRTFWZCOCWGU081D5/georgia+flag.png Georgia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099161740-TDJ3N2EV2UBAVCZWFXIU/image-asset.jpeg Georgia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/tunisia daily 0.75 2022-07-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1548951791901-FWHOARXBR7WOBRUCR2HD/Tunisia.png Tunisia - Tunisia Population (2018): 11.53 M Income per Capita (2018): 4303.96 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.74% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1548951935590-LUAVSW0LB5VJP2XCFE6T/tunisia+flag.gif Tunisia - Healthcare system Tunisia has a mixed system; with public and private sectors. Individuals consider any doctor a family doctor. 6,000 physicians currently work in the public sector. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585528375872-JCJ1VS1GCLA4T6Q8MODY/image-asset.jpeg Tunisia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/madagascar daily 0.75 2020-03-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1548952394636-SORWHK9DFRFN28B4A0BG/madagascar-flag.jpg Madagascar - Healthcare system Madagascar has a mixed healthcare system; community-based general practice with private doctors lined to the state by a public service partnership agreement. Community-based general practitioners are paid exclusively from community financial contributions, directly (independent practice) or indirectly (community practice). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1548952232657-J7VOAHLPLPCMSLEZ2N2D/image-asset.png Madagascar - Madagascar Population (2018): 25.57 M Income per Capita (2018): 421.89 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.24% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1590952465527-418Q5MI4R20VAJ96U31F/image-asset.jpeg Madagascar https://globalfamilymedicine.org/mexico daily 0.75 2020-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549343357969-7T4V4PM2ZKK8KC9P4APD/MEXICO.png Mexico - HEALTHCARE SYSTEM Mexico has a mixed model of public and private provisions of services within their health system. Though for many years the country has been criticized because of its structural and organizational factors, such as poor quality of services, long waiting lists and insufficient medical equipment. A universal health system is seen through a reform in the health and social security sectors (Ramírez-Aranda, 2014 & Varela-Rueda et al., n.d.) Family medicine is publicly funded; the social security institutions are paid for by the governments, employer and employees (Ramírez-Aranda, 2014). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549322814443-ERHRP94X1TQSSO4NVMB0/Mexico+map.png Mexico - Mexico Population (2018): 129.2 M Income per Capita (2018): 9946.16 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.86% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585273570767-HVJRLKSBCDEO10H4NJN3/image-asset.jpeg Mexico https://globalfamilymedicine.org/uruguay daily 0.75 2022-08-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549346701840-3BEVI8XZ6WSH3RZ7G6OK/Uruguay.png Uruguay - Uraguay Population (2018): 3.457 M Income per Capita (2018): 20551.40 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 9.22% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549346813302-DI7VKU3L1VRGAP9FZZVI/uraguay.png Uruguay - healthcare system A mixed healthcare system is used in Uruguay, and recognizes people’s right to health protection, as well as financial protection by the health system reform in 2005. Approximately 60% of the population are covered by private nonprofit collective health care associations; known as mutualistas. https://globalfamilymedicine.org/home daily 1.0 2021-11-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551118470781-YBAR0HJS0OBH47TJ71L5/map.jpg Home - Take Action Ready to take the next step? You can become a contributor to our cause and help us to ensure all of our data and information is accurate and up-to-date. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551118517903-U1I07LI4TW2C1LV2KONB/directed+study+students.jpg Home - About Find out about our mission, our methods, and the results of our research. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1548949197862-8VINL7VPUSB10SM2Z5NN/Globe%2BImage.jpg Home https://globalfamilymedicine.org/el-salvador daily 0.75 2020-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549299030779-1AD2XCM0CL3YMWE6QXSA/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png El Salvador - healthcare system El Salvador employs a mixed healthcare system (Ventres, 2018 & Mejia, 2018). Family medicine is recognized in social security, however the ministry of health is not recognized, and still remains poorly understood. Additionally, residencies are publicly funded (Ventres, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549298875765-O8BFRKP1ICZWXWQ16EA2/El+Salvador.png El Salvador - El Salvador Population (2018): 6.378 M Income per Capita (2018): 3889.31 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.91% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585273246656-XRHBZ89BSMEQS7U8XLO6/image-asset.jpeg El Salvador https://globalfamilymedicine.org/bolivia daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1548954942967-TWLGWS8VQVLP00YE7EWB/BOLIVA+FLAG.jpg Bolivia - Healthcare system Bolivia has a mixed healthcare system with public, private and social security sectors (WHO, 2006). Family medicine is recognized politically; with consistent strides at making changes in the system to increase satisfaction, reduce the costs of medical care, and increase quality (Bilbao C., et al., 2011). There are 400 trained family medicine specialists, each doctor working in public health system, managing a team that cares for a total population between 2500 to 10,000, with an average of 5,000 (Ruiz Guzmán, José, 2007). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1548954715146-UZKI1JP1PGK0EO2UJM9B/bolivia+map+.png Bolivia - BOLIVIA Population (2018): 11.05 M Income per Capita (2018): 2522.79 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.41% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585272245655-1JF60L6F6IPPKH8OH0KR/image-asset.jpeg Bolivia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/mali daily 0.75 2022-09-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1548950976543-FCYFI70YXQIFUSESG4TK/Mali+Map.png Mali - MALI Population (2018): 18.54 M Income per Capita (2018): 762.20 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.80% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1548951216719-WLFLFKAL9W2047RFO43X/mali+flag.png Mali - Healthcare system Mali has a mixed healthcare system; community-based general practice with private doctors lined to the state by a public service partnership agreement. Community-based general practitioners are paid exclusively from community financial contributions, directly (independent practice) or indirectly (community practice). The Community Health Care Associations recruits’ staff of their choice and are sponsored by Santé Sud under private contract, 10% chose to set up as independents. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1590951829600-W0OJ3FEKH5XBANRV36TB/image-asset.jpeg Mali https://globalfamilymedicine.org/brazil daily 0.75 2022-07-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549084949690-KBNMDSFVJ4JJBKR731MA/brazil+map.png Brazil - BRAZIL Population (2018): 209.3 M Income per Capita (2018): 10888.98 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 8.91% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549085422363-FPK3UDCUYY4BBAYDGFF5/BRAZIL.png Brazil - Healthcare system The healthcare system in Brazil is universal, private inside public (Soares, 2018). Family medicine is recognized by managers, not by salary as it’s not equivalent to other specialists (Soares, 2018). 95% of physicians are in the public sector, while 5% are private (Soares, 2018). In brazil there is a need for more generalists (Galasso, 2019). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585272319436-G6HR0WJ0HURU3FZPSDC9/image-asset.jpeg Brazil https://globalfamilymedicine.org/ecuador daily 0.75 2020-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549298695734-Q1QASHC3GRLR12GV17P9/ecuador+flag.png Ecuador - healthcare system The system in Ecuador is a mixed health care system, with public, private and social security sectors. It is a publicly funded health system aimed towards a universal primary health care (Aranda et al., 2017 & Morrill, 2016). Family medicine is publicly recognized by the ministry, where an agreement between Cuba and Ecuador was established to enhance the family medicine program in Ecuador. Also, recognized by the government, where they are introducing reforms aimed at improving health care delivery for the entire population (Aranda et al., 2017 & Delgado Cruz et al., 2016). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549298595628-RKOAZGRRNMIOFT35EOHT/ecuador+map.png Ecuador - Ecuador Population (2018): 16.62 M Income per Capita (2018): 6,198.98 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 8.54% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585272922141-1P2AABZ2IFZ4BP11GTNW/image-asset.jpeg Ecuador https://globalfamilymedicine.org/honduras daily 0.75 2022-08-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549322049796-8NLPZ8138MBSJYBFRZZJ/honduras.png Honduras - Honduras Population (2018): 9.265 M Income per Capita (2018): 2210.59 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 7.59% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549322242227-CSB8CNZY89N0W8HTZ4X4/honduras+falg.png Honduras - healthcare system The health care system in Honduras is universal, though is currently experiencing difficulties due to its limited management system capacity, weak governance and human resources. It also has two subsectors; a public and private. Public subsector composed by the Ministry of Health and the private subsector made up of for-profit and nonprofit institutions, as shown below in Figure 1 (Carmenate Milian, et al., 2017). Family medicine is recognized by the government in Honduras (Carmenate Milian, et al., 2017). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585273489068-0XGNXV7HYEMD4Y446IVL/image-asset.jpeg Honduras https://globalfamilymedicine.org/azerbaijan daily 0.75 2022-09-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549383688416-QWCQ4J5QRFYJ0V2I1X8H/Azerbaijan+flag.svg.png Azerbaijan - Healthcare system This country has both private and public healthcare systems and so follows a mixed system of healthcare in which the public sector is run by the Ministry of Healthcare. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549383576493-NKBWA8FR7YF6ZRZ3OI8M/azerbijan.png Azerbaijan - Azerbaijan Population (2017): 9,862.43 Income per Capita (2018): unknown Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.68% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099090130-N2ESL37QR1VOU9F5WN8T/image-asset.jpeg Azerbaijan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/czech-republic daily 0.75 2020-03-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549384435186-O6APNQTAJ17W5EHQ03J0/czech+republic.png Czech Republic - Chech Republic Population (2017): 10.58 M Income per Capita (2018): 20,368.14 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 7.31% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549384526904-D9E4WXXMZ84UQL5G6RKB/chez.jpg Czech Republic - healthcare system The healthcare system in the Czech Republic is a public insurance system.g Most general practitioners are privately-run but publicly-funded (Seifert, 2018). Family medicine is recognized by the health care system, and there is now a task force making family medicine more valued. The Czech Society of General Practice was founded in 1980, after it became recognized as a specialty (Czech Society of General Practice, n.d.). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099134798-U5TW38FJ100DRTMUAZZW/image-asset.jpeg Czech Republic https://globalfamilymedicine.org/cuba daily 0.75 2020-03-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549298076570-TQVDSH2KD47ULN2DG4IF/cuba+flag.png Cuba - healthcare system Cuba has a universal health system. Family medicine is Recognized as an important part of the healthcare system (Gorry, 2017). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549298024622-HI6LLH63414DDCIZDAIB/cuba+map.png Cuba - cuba Population (2018): 11.48 M Income per Capita (2018): 7602.26 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 10.9% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585272711710-OH3JSKXOAECCEHKOKVYV/image-asset.jpeg Cuba https://globalfamilymedicine.org/dominican-republic daily 0.75 2022-08-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549297798440-6O2IL0WSGFI7JYL2VV0Z/DR+map.png Dominican Republic - Dominican Republic Population (2018): 10.77 M Income per Capita (2018): 7052.26 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.22% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549297966029-GTMYFXGAX9789ZXQ00PK/DR+flag.jpg Dominican Republic - healthcare system The new system in the Dominican Republic is split into three tiers; the contributive regime, which is financed by workers and employers, the subsidized regime, which is financed by the state for the poor, unemployed, disabled and indigent, and the contributive subsided regime, which is financed by independent professionals, technical workers and self-employed people, and subsidized by the state. In 2013, only 58% of workers were using the public healthcare system (InterNations, n.d.). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585272804941-C1OA540T8KHBZV9T7VDP/image-asset.jpeg Dominican Republic https://globalfamilymedicine.org/panama daily 0.75 2020-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549343825399-V43DMXY0HK9ZIALYNKO7/Panama+map.png Panama - Panama Population (2018): 4.099 M Income per Capita (2018): 11513.28 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 7.01% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549344026076-KXFVAYBQHTFTEJS0HT3D/PANAMA.gif Panama - HEALTHCARE SYSTEM The recognition of family medicine has been a slow process. There are considerable gaps in the ways in which primary care is organized, financed and delivered. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585273760640-RAWDOBEFFFFZKU5896OB/image-asset.jpeg Panama https://globalfamilymedicine.org/paraguay daily 0.75 2020-03-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549344181387-WQ9S0SIDK5K2RNQK513W/paraguay+map.png Paraguay - Paraguay Population (2018): 6.811 M Income per Capita (2018): 3905.93 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 7.82% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549344279471-HQHMCR9N7CJ0KB1MW591/paraguay+flag.png Paraguay - healthcare system Paraguay has public, private and mixed health care sectors. Family medicine is recognized by Family Medicine Associations in influential positions, advisor’s health policies and systems. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585441823854-JNNS17E68Q9AD5M73FA8/image-asset.jpeg Paraguay https://globalfamilymedicine.org/armenia daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549383269931-IV4KI48WI5J6OAUS2DDI/armenia+flag.jpg Armenia - healthcare system Family medicine was recognized by the Armenian Association of Family Physicians, which was founded in 1999. The type of healthcare system hasn’t been identified. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549383127501-TU8S3LWOW9NKWG5DGBFR/armenia+map.png Armenia - Armenia Population (2017): 2.93 M Income per Capita (2018): 4,219.40 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 10.14% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585098395166-91Y7TQSE0JXYCKFHN79R/image-asset.jpeg Armenia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/ethiopia daily 0.75 2022-08-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549390493848-48LEBWYDE1T72M6IN9LL/ethiopia.jpeg Ethiopia - healthcare system The healthcare system in Ethiopia is mixed, with both private and public sectors. Patients can only access the government health facility if they have a card from a local neighborhood association. Private system provides care from immediate clinic up to a hospital. Family physicians will need to maintain a respectful relationship with other specialist physicians as well as non-physician primary care providers. The place of general practice in Ethiopia’s health care system is still undefined. There are very few incentives to attract young doctors to it as a career. As a result, most see it as a temporary occupation. There are approximately 3000 physicians in the private and public sector. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549388354929-X6Z9HZYIMCGM137FTFM2/Narrative+on+Family+Medicine+%287%29.png Ethiopia - Ethiopia Population (2017): 105 M Income Per Capita (2018): 767.56 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare: 4.05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1589934792919-LEW4THZPSKVBD1CLVT8C/image-asset.jpeg Ethiopia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/venezuela daily 0.75 2022-08-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549346958579-9SYRI1VCL2BWH3MIH7TT/venezuala+map.png Venezuela - Venezuela Population (2018): 31.98 M Income per Capita (2018): 13709.04 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 3.16% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549347140112-D0DZIICQ4B9SOQUJV46D/VENE.png Venezuela - HEALTHCARE SYSTEM The health care system in Venezuela is comprised of Public healthcare facilities. Family medicine is recognized in the country. This is seen for example when a senior resident worked in conjunction with the state chapter of the Venezuelan Society of Family Medicine to publish articles on family medicine, which were titled “What is Primary Care Medicine?” and “Family Medicine Around the World”. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585520258244-2OZPPHK7RPCBBIWAIW1P/image-asset.jpeg Venezuela https://globalfamilymedicine.org/rwanda daily 0.75 2020-03-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549947249914-U2TI6CHQGHS2C22213TT/rwanda+map.png Rwanda - Rwanda Population (2017): 12.21 M Income Per Capita (2018): 765.20 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare: 7.90 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549947356491-3421T7ITCRVGLXIQZ7E6/Rwanda+flag.jpg Rwanda - Healthcare system The healthcare system is mixed, but mostly public, with recent emerging private sectors. Family medicine is not recognized in the healthcare industry anymore due to changes in the national ministry of health in Rwanda. There are 1,671 physicians in the public and private sector. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1590952162657-2GHN4C90YSGS4C805ZOZ/image-asset.jpeg Rwanda https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-80 daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553184983836-NESK39MJASJ0AUVSMI5L/non-hisp+car.png Region Overview https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585870042738-K9ESZP9XH2Y2VY6FEIRE/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/oman-1 daily 0.75 2020-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553191963839-KWH730AVYWI0Z65SD5MW/Oman+map+.png Oman - OMAN Population (2017, M): 4.64 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 16144.40 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 3.83 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553192023604-QZUHINYWLKFD1CN2CF7N/oman+flag+.png Oman - HEALTHCARE SYSTEM The healthcare system in Oman is mostly public, with most family physicians being employed in this sector (2009). Family medicine is recognized by the Royal College of General Practitioners (UK), Oman Medical Specialty Board and the Ministry of Health (2009). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585255795280-UZXB5VFMAFYJM1Z40H5I/image-asset.jpeg Oman https://globalfamilymedicine.org/yemen-1 daily 0.75 2020-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553409418178-59P4SD70GFCJY1MPGQNS/yemen+flag.png yemen - healthcare system Type of Health System: Yemen has a mixed health care system with approximately 20% private expenditure, and 40% of hospitals are private (Elgazzar, 2011) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553409335235-PKB6UYTWSSPSKH988FYX/yemen.png yemen - yemen Population (2017, M): 28.25 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 432.40 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 5.98 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585257583030-8LIDDX5SW2AASKG1MMJP/image-asset.jpeg yemen https://globalfamilymedicine.org/vanuatu daily 0.75 2019-02-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550967288606-BLM8JL4J6PD3WU12ZFWJ/Vanuatu+.png Vanuatu - Vanuatu Population, (2017): 276,244 Income per Capita, (2018): 2921.91 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 3.55% https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-20 daily 0.75 2019-02-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550976258286-7HSJ0943PPJBLCLFP8T2/east+asia.png Region Overview - East Asia The East Asian region constitutes China, Hong Kong, Japan, Macau, Mongolia, North Korea, Taiwan, and South Korea and comprises more than 1.6 billion of the world’s population. A high school degree is needed to pursue a medical school education, without the need for a university or college post-secondary degree. Incomplete documentation and a lack of research conducted on these countries resulted in poor findings and a failure to understand the state of family medicine within this region. Additionally, the political state of some countries (ex. North Korea) and the lack of government support and funding in the healthcare sector, increases the instability seen in primary care. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303324338-SNTCX4IS1YFMTWDLIFZD/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/ukraine daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551074755041-QHEHMP6UZKQ3WY72I5G7/ukraine.jpg Ukraine - Healthcare system Ukraine is currently in the process of transforming from a universal healthcare system-set previously during the Soviet times-to an insurance based healthcare system. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551074753182-4H3Y0XE4UU8GTCCKCDH0/Ukraine+.png Ukraine - Ukraine Population (2017): 44.83 M Income per Capita (2018): 2,639.82 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.13% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099484059-SXWMPIUV7CSLYYKP1GIV/image-asset.jpeg Ukraine https://globalfamilymedicine.org/uganda daily 0.75 2022-07-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551109562319-7Y3E2P1RLJUAKZ1TMH9P/Uganda+.png Uganda - Uganda Population (2017): 42.86 M Income Per Capita (2018): 666.61 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare: 7.30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551109564992-BSX3HY9322BQ87PFH8LL/Uganda.png Uganda - healthcare system The healthcare system is mixed in Uganda. (“PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS (PRIMASYS)” 2017.), family medicine is recognized and valued within the healthcare system. It is publically funded. (Besigye, Innocent, MD,), there are fewer than 5,000 physicians in the private and public sector, (Wasswa, Henry. 2012.). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585527368297-26OK2CGV6AV7VUJAX0ZU/image-asset.jpeg Uganda https://globalfamilymedicine.org/iraq daily 0.75 2020-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552612121187-IM2067735XUOMSRVSW92/iraq.png Iraq - Iraq Population (2017, M): 38.27 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 5545.90 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 3.40 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552612247905-Q5BQOT4KJJ4LRGWLMFEW/iraq+flag.png Iraq - healthcare system Type of Health System: Level of recognition of family medicine: Number of physicians in private and/or public sector: https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585187400036-BNS2SY6V5268Q67H94AA/image-asset.jpeg Iraq https://globalfamilymedicine.org/norway daily 0.75 2020-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553184064740-BAF0NUZ4CQ26P737SHMD/nroawy.png Norway - Healthcare System The health care system in Norway is public, as the population is covered by public health insurance for general practice services (Kringos et al., n.d.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553184066077-3JEWLMLRVD57HWWC8P21/Norway.png Norway - Norway Population (2017): 5.258 M Income per Capita (2018): 91,218.62 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 9.98% https://globalfamilymedicine.org/guyana daily 0.75 2022-08-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553187746082-EEZVH4Y9126X5QRTVNQX/Guyana.jpg Guyana - Healthcare System The health care system in Guyana is mixed – there is a private and public sector. They end up treating everyone between the two. Most physicians share their hours between their private clinic and their public hospital position. It is hard to quantify a number of physicians in each sector as they work in both and overlap. The residents of the family physician program in Guyana can only work in the public medical system. Family medicine is relatively new here and the were previously called general medical officers. Family medicine is new and fairly misunderstood in Guyana. It is publicly funded but salary hasn’t changed and there is no medical body ruling above it, but its recognition is increasing. Theoretically, everyone has access to health care, but some barriers could be geography and the social determinants of health. Everybody gets immunized and coverage for vaccinations is good. All the normal vaccinations are well stocked, however, mental health drugs and ACE inhibitors among the other major drugs are scarce. The overall access to medical equipment is also sufficient for the physicians (Ponka, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553187748975-3TDKSGY65D9PUABKXD7Y/104b20af-bb43-42a9-9e0d-d98774da375b.png Guyana - Guyana Population, (2017): 777,859 Income per Capita, (2018): 3871.39 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 4.48% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585870529088-M1X07GYTW7DA4MV9BX6R/image-asset.jpeg Guyana https://globalfamilymedicine.org/mongolia daily 0.75 2020-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551060668083-KMB8NXJSRDG0LF1Z2JHM/mongolia.png Mongolia - Mongolia Population (2018): 3.076 M (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 7812.95 US (Income per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.97% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551060746193-CWAK3X3ZCN129E9I4DJP/mongolia+.gif Mongolia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303817646-3GLE568AZL5O8IYR0LTN/image-asset.jpeg Mongolia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/uzbekistan daily 0.75 2020-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551062664425-ECZT28V2U8BQYXTX6DVY/Uzbekistan++.png Uzbekistan - Uzbekistan Population (2018): 32.39 M (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 6253.10 US (Income Per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.23% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551062661159-MGS44PHZP3ETVR99SQPI/Uzbekistan.png Uzbekistan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303143867-LQURRTL7XCT95VZ6SIER/image-asset.jpeg Uzbekistan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/mozambique daily 0.75 2020-03-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551110921452-8N5Y39EN30TPV4U4PUJR/Mozambique.png Mozambique - Mozambique Population (2017): 29.67 M Income Per Capita (2018): 519 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare: 5.35 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551110924620-3ACQCZ3TZEPOKA0JI19L/Mozambique.+.png Mozambique - Healthcare system The healthcare system is mixed (public and private). (“Healthcare in Mozambique - Support | Allianz Care.”), It is unknown how many physicians are in the private and/or public sector. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1590952004877-66QCLY3KXCU5MN8EH9LJ/image-asset.jpeg Mozambique https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-33 daily 0.75 2021-12-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551112785212-WOC56N7SE7DT0UENX3UA/south+asia+.png Region Overview - South Asia Progress on family medicine development as a specialty varies across the countries in South Asia. There are few well-established postgraduate family medicine programs in the region, and less number of graduates each year. An interesting trend is the huge variability in types of postgraduate family medicine training offered ranging from short-term training to residencies. This could be due to the need to boost and promote family medicine training in the country in order to increase the family physicians in the workforce. There is a widespread lack of recognition for family medicine as a specialty among the general population and undergraduate medical students despite the advances in training in some countries like India and Nepal. This lack of recognition is partly due to the existing myths about the practice such as; the doctors treat cough and cold. Majority of the countries have an established family medicine societies. In most countries people prefer to see the specialist rather than a family physician. This trend could be due to the cultural values, historical perspectives, lack of education, and satisfaction with care received in these countries. Further, the varied level of training available, but not mandatory could create differences in the way family medicine is practiced within a country, this could either satisfy or not satisfy a patient. There are some significant barriers commonly seen in few countries such as an urban rural divide in India, Nepal, and Pakistan, which leads to inequities in terms of accessing the healthcare system. Geography is another major barrier in Maldives, Nepal, and others, since people living in remote areas cannot easily access healthcare services. Rural areas and people with low income usually receive care from inexperienced professionals and not family physicians due to the shortage of workforce. A very interesting trend emerges in countries in close proximity to countries with established family medicine training and systems such as India, Nepal, and Pakistan compared to countries that are more isolated from other countries such as Maldives. Countries in close proximity to each other can serve as models for each other to follow, while countries which are far away from other countries could find it difficult to establish family medicine and equitable healthcare for the people. A positive finding was that collaboration and partnerships between countries with established family medicine and those without family medicine could lead to improvements in the healthcare system in addition to making it more efficient. This could be seen in Nepal, where Canada had partnered with a University to start a training program that has now become one of the most well respected programs and bridges a gap in the delivery of primary care services. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308100333-79RCBPVUUTIKM5SY5IHD/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/new-page-6 daily 0.75 2020-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553408508246-C3DT1SK59D5PKVEVAPG0/qatar+flag.png New Page - healthcare system Type of health system: Level of recognition of family medicine Number of physicians in private and/or public sector: https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553408415657-9HUG69Q1308UJ028KL7S/qatar.png New Page - qatar Population (2017, M): 2.639 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 65696.39 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 3.06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585256272054-3Q78L8JEBXXMDRGVDP1L/image-asset.jpeg New Page https://globalfamilymedicine.org/thailand daily 0.75 2022-08-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550884588497-5L69SQS7NMFS5PAUAZPD/thailand.png Thailand - Thailand Population (2017): 69.04 Million Income per capita (2018): 6,593.82 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 3.77 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550884584775-P1LF3BXAX6VCWGI5ZPMD/thailand+falg.jpg Thailand - Healthcare System The healthcare system is comprised of both private and public health care (Wiwanitkit, 2016). Patients can seek care from a specialty unit instead of seeking primary care (Wiwanitkit, 2016). Family medicine is still less recognized compared to other specialties (Wiwanitkit, 2016). As of 2001, infant mortality and population growth have significantly declined by about two-thirds (from 125/1000 live births to 30.5/1000 live births), vaccine preventable deaths dropped by 90%, while life expectancy at birth increased to 66.9 years for men and 71.7 years for women (Williams et al., 2002). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586307914714-GPCXY1XV2VPIGR7WA590/image-asset.jpeg Thailand https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-2 daily 0.75 2020-03-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550892224769-Y0CKG1R2R0ZTVJH25JA7/latin+america.png Region Overview - Latin America In Latin America, covering many countries, family medicine was established within the range of 1972-2007. In becoming a family physician, one must attend high school, on average 6-years of medical school, as well as in between 2-4 years of residency. Many of these countries are recognized by Family Medicine Associations and demonstrate a mixed healthcare system. The institutions that train individuals in becoming a family physician, also train other primary care deliverers, such as pediatricians, obstetrics and gynecologists, internists, as well as nurses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585272094882-1FKM0KO2UPDOHBR4LR4R/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/united-states-of-america daily 0.75 2022-08-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550896825622-S4WHVCCTLRUN148TF1H4/usa.gif United States of America - Healthcare System The healthcare system in the USA is predominantly run by the private sector. It is delivered privately and more often than not, it is also financed privately (DPEAFLCIO). Unfortunately, the actual numbers couldn’t be found, but healthcare in the USA is dominated by the private sector and as a result, would have very few physicians in the public sector. Family medicine is well recognized in the States as they have numerous training programs for it. The American Academy of Family Physicians is the college that was created to oversee all the family physicians, and this was founded in 1947 (AAFP). It has been said in the literature that overall the access to healthcare in the States is quite poor, however, this may be due to the lack of a universal government-funded health plan. It has also been explained that this poor access to healthcare may be due race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and other social determinants of health (AHRQ & Institute of Medicine, 1993). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550896816753-U7WPWIWI34BLLHQC7WDT/america.png United States of America - USA Population, (2017): 325.7 M Income per Capita, (2018): 59531.66 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 16.84% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308685547-33IV6HIYR3W7C14QP60W/image-asset.jpeg United States of America https://globalfamilymedicine.org/fiji daily 0.75 2020-03-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550937038235-6KPKG4WZYC63I1KTJFWM/figi.png Fiji - Fiji Population, (2017): 905,502 Income per Capita, (2018): 5589.39 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 3.55% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550937099360-18KCYVO9C108NR882EWN/figi+flag.jpg Fiji - Healthcare System The healthcare system in Fiji is a mixed system. They treat everyone, and it is a two-tier system; private and public. The wealthy do fly out of the country for additional care. In total there are 884 general practitioners in total in both the private and public system (WONCA Asia, 2012). Family medicine in Fiji is not recognized at all. It is not publicly funded and there is no actual training program for it. Nonetheless, there is a college or body that looks after all the general practitioners in Fiji called the Fiji College of General Practitioners which was established in 1993 (FCGP. Everyone has good access to medical care as there is a government system in place. Some barriers are long waiting lines, remote locations, and crowded urban facilities. There are school-based programs for immunizations and it is a standard in the system - everyone gets them. Everyone also has access to the normal medications. In terms of medical equipment, clinics are not the best suited and do not have the most up-to-date technologies (Informant #1, MD, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308852396-45YDVITL0XYCQEBNXB9I/image-asset.jpeg Fiji https://globalfamilymedicine.org/russia daily 0.75 2020-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551063065853-MD67HA4FNVP3A16HOYZT/russia+map.png Russia - Russia Population (2018): 144.5 M (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 10743.10 US (Income per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.56% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551063119231-9Q0SAZVRDTVSYJ3UCUPT/russia+flag.jpg Russia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303256761-1JBYIN7S1V7FW7T8JA54/image-asset.jpeg Russia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/zimbabwe daily 0.75 2020-03-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551111456682-PK8MIP5L1KBNIKCNJ8C7/zimbab.png Zimbabwe - Healthcare System The majority of health services in Zimbabwe are provided by the public sector, both in rural and urban areas. Public sector health services are complemented by the private sector, which includes both private for profit and not-for-profit private sector health facilities. (“Zimbabwe’s E-Health Strategy 2012-2017.”), There are 500 doctors in public sector, (“WHO | Zimbabwe.” 2012). Access to care is extremely limited and very poor. Due to the corruption within this country, healthcare access has become a luxury despite the fact that healthcare is a right for every citizen under the country's constitution. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551111457459-RWK45TJKPDOSW7762XVL/zim.png Zimbabwe - Zimbabwe Population (2017): 16.53M Income Per Capita (2018): 927.40 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare: 10.32 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585527939277-SSNRJMGA34B273HC03F9/image-asset.jpeg Zimbabwe https://globalfamilymedicine.org/sweden daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553184273265-MQ1C9YGYXJK12KETZO2X/SWEDEN.png Sweden - Healthcare System The health system is primarily funded through taxation (Kringos et al., n.d.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553184271575-KI1HW0F2DSINTS9C29QF/sweden+.png Sweden - Sweden Population (2017): 9.995 M Income per Capita (2018): 56,935.19 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 11.01% https://globalfamilymedicine.org/new-page-87 daily 0.75 2020-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553408829940-RWT388AN68GXCH9XJ90N/saudi+arabia.png New Page - healthcare system Family medicine in Saudi Arabia is recognized by the Saudi Commission for Health Specialties and the Saudi Board of Family Medicine (Al-Khaldi, 2017) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553408743362-F2OMT4OY4ZQGJDH7U3OI/saudi+arabia+1.png New Page - Saudi Arabia Population (2017, M): 32.94 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 7314.62 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 5.83 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585257128331-ZSZ2JKBLX5O2CJRNDR7P/image-asset.jpeg New Page https://globalfamilymedicine.org/kenya daily 0.75 2021-10-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549945831413-3G91LG1GA7TNZNVCPGQW/Kenya+map.png Kenya - Kenya Population (2017): 49.7 M Income Per Capita (2018): 1169.34 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare: 5.22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1549946508768-FYE4VQ7FGUSM4HEXWSW3/flag+kenya.jpg Kenya - Healthcare system The healthcare system in Kenya is mixed between public and private sectors. Family medicine is recognized within the healthcare system. Despite the fact that family medicine in Kenya is still in its early stage, it has already had a favourable effect on the Kenyan healthcare system locally. There are approximately 7333 doctors in the private and public sectors. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1590952418095-L2642T3QXULSY8P33JEP/image-asset.jpeg Kenya https://globalfamilymedicine.org/solomon-islands daily 0.75 2020-03-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550966819158-I1W4ET48B4R10ACN7LZR/soloman+islands.png Solomon Islands - Solomon Islands Population, (2017): 611,343 Income per Capita, (2018): 2205.90 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 8.03% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550966837435-6DMIMRZXV1DDAUGM1T9C/soloman+.gif Solomon Islands https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-52 daily 0.75 2020-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551061655487-4XVQ7DTOG4WRFVZ5GJ1A/central+asia.png Region Overview - Central Asia The Central Asian region constitutes Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan and comprises more than 69 million of the world’s population29. It seems that a high school degree is needed to pursue a medical school education in some countries, while others require university/college education, as well. Incomplete documentation and a lack of research conducted on these countries resulted in poor findings and a failure to understand the state of family medicine within this region. Additionally, the political state of some countries (ex. Turkmenistan) and the lack of government support and funding in the healthcare sector, increases the instability seen in primary care. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586302644255-A65SB1Z3VSKUCI9G6SRR/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/kyrgyzstan daily 0.75 2020-03-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551062078805-B6X3G1H1Z3UC71SERHOJ/krg.png Kyrgyzstan - Kyrgyzstan Population (2018): 6.202 M (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 1070.32 US (Income per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 8.22% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551062081383-FQ2PMDULULM9O1ELZ4W5/krgzx.png Kyrgyzstan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586302747953-L57TIEY8VL2W66BCI8WS/image-asset.jpeg Kyrgyzstan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/bulgaria daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551108973140-J8GBBWAAN78Y9ZOFOKUZ/bulgaria.jpg Bulgaria - healthcare system Bulgaria’s healthcare system is public with mandatory health insurance (Avdeeva & Elias, 2007). The National Association of General Practitioners in Bulgaria was established in 2000 (National Association of General Practitioners in Bulgaria, n.d.). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551108969731-B3Y76TWNBNGR85D9G2DY/Bulgaria.png Bulgaria - Bulgaria Population (2017): 7.102 M Income per Capita (2018): 8,311.93 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 8.20% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099906074-95R6KCXBMBRM5G10FTIA/image-asset.jpeg Bulgaria https://globalfamilymedicine.org/cameroon daily 0.75 2020-03-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551109778244-DUYG8J2QX6KSRRFUSQ24/Cameroon.png Cameroon - Healthcare System The health care system in Cameroon involves three sub-sectors; (MEDCAMER – Cameroon Medical Doctors.”), a sub-public sector that includes public hospitals, a sub-private non-profit and for-profit sector that includes religious denominations, associations and various non-governmental organizations, and a sub-sector of the traditional medicine which is an important component of the system and is also structured in three levels of health which each has administrative structures, sanitary formations and structures for dialogues. There are approximately 1555, (Tantchou Tchoumi, Jacques Cabral, et al., 2013.), physicians in the public and/or private sector. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551109771572-O4V1PAYGMFS2L0UT5X39/Cameroon+.png Cameroon - Cameroon Population (2017): 24.05 M Income Per Capita (2018): 1446.70 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1589935871230-SG29GXJQ475XN56QTDCP/image-asset.jpeg Cameroon https://globalfamilymedicine.org/india daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551113948742-X4FXKYSZBHJKTIQNWMSG/insia.png India - Healthcare System The healthcare system is mixed but is predominantly private, since 80% of the population receive healthcare through the private system (Kumar, 2018). The total number of MBBS graduates is around 1 million, 10-15% of whom work in the public sector, while the remaining 90% work in the private sector (Kumar, 2018). Family medicine is not really recognized by the healthcare system, since it is mostly private with no government investment (Kumar, 2018). Currently, less than 2% of the GDP goes towards healthcare (Kumar, 2018). This covers the cost towards hospitalization and diagnostics, but not primary care (Kumar, 2016). Further, the policies have been skewed to help public hospitals (Kumar, 2016). The perception of the level at which family medicine is recognized will vary depending on who answers the question, since physicians practicing independently are not satisfied, while a specialist in the hospital could be very happy (Kumar, 2018). There is a significant proportion of the population unable to access healthcare due to barriers like urban rural divide, misdistribution of health workers, financial capacity (this is the biggest barrier), literacy, social determinants of health like gender, caste (Kumar, 2018). The proportion of the population receiving immunizations has improved considerably, since India has been free of polio for 5 years (Kumar, 2018). The coverage is around 70-90% for overall immunization (Kumar, 2018). Doctors now have improved access to medical equipment needed to treat patients.b The private practices need to have all equipment required, while the public sector gets the funding for equipment, supplies and infrastructure through the national rural health mission grant, which is a total of 100,000 crore rupees (Kumar, 2018). This grant is used to support the 700 district hospitals (Kumar, 2018). Future Directions It would be interesting to document the policy direction of the government, in particular policies that have not been implemented (Kumar, 2018). So far this narrative has looked into the numbers and status, in order to get a holistic picture of the status of family medicine, more information needs to be gathered (Kumar, 2018). There have been 3 national health policies and they were in 1984, 2002, and 2017 (Kumar, 2018). There have been discussions about family medicine at the latter two of the national health policies, however there is no action taken to implement the directions discussed (Kumar, 2018). There is opposition and conflict of interest in the people who are supposed to implement the increasing presence of family medicine (Kumar, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551113946236-LU5D0Z51H1X6F67NBY66/indai.png India - India Population (2017): 1.339 Billion Income per capita (2018): 1,963.55 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 3.89 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308147875-WRD4YQQ6OUJZSS62C7K8/image-asset.jpeg India https://globalfamilymedicine.org/algeria daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552610281953-8FEOZW0TWJDVYWFA86U8/algeria+flag.png Algeria - healthcare system There is both public and private sectors in Algeria with the public sector making up 60% of all Services and healthcare provided to the citizens. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552610180708-UIT1W0YTOMRPHRZ9HRLP/algeria%2Bmap.jpg Algeria - Algeria Population (2017, M): 41.32 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 4825.20 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 7.06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585184309420-YIUIA21VW9M9ZCJWZRSR/image-asset.jpeg Algeria https://globalfamilymedicine.org/iran daily 0.75 2020-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552611883745-NJGJBZYTOHA09XI62V88/iran+flag.png Iran - healthcare system The healthcare system is mostly public, but many specialists work in private sectors (personal interview, 2018). Most family doctors work in the public sector (2018). Family medicine is recognized by the Iranian Ministry of Health (2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552611811505-HH4VYKIDES3H7JRHYYXH/iran+map+.png Iran - Iran Population (2017, M): 81.16 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 6946.86 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 7.59 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585186234841-YF4OVPYXGII82MI3WPMJ/image-asset.jpeg Iran https://globalfamilymedicine.org/burma-myanmar daily 0.75 2019-04-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550877465070-65X2UZENPX1P5KOFZ1U7/myanmar+map.png Burma (Myanmar) - Burma (Myanmar) Population (2017): 53.37 Million Income per capita (2018): 1,298.88 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 4.95 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550877471744-1NUOITULKWXTN22VCETU/myanmar+falg.png Burma (Myanmar) - healthcare system Currently the country has a mixed healthcare system, with a polyclinic model. However, the government is committed to providing universal healthcare by 2030 (Thu, 2019). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586304426036-TGQM2S8PYYO2N5EUY1A8/image-asset.jpeg Burma (Myanmar) https://globalfamilymedicine.org/laos daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550889455194-05J8AAFCWI1OQU6YQZBN/laos+map.png Laos - Laos Population (2017): 6.858 Million Income per capita (2018): 1,730.40 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 2.81 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550889518691-ULMSU9PW6RGNPNL9BFSU/laos+flag.jpg Laos - Healthcare System https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308030904-ESULXSH0RKP42UU31OLL/image-asset.jpeg Laos https://globalfamilymedicine.org/hong-kong daily 0.75 2020-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550976785199-KGJDYBH34QFXLY48JEUD/hongkong.jpg Hong Kong - Healthcare System Hong Kong has a large public hospital system, maintained by the philosophy that no citizen should be deprived of healthcare. This make family medicine very accessible to the people in Hong Kong, (personal interview, 2018). Family medicine is highly recognized in Hong Kong by its citizens and is increasingly recognized and invested in by the government. Family medicine is 1 of 15 specialties legally recognized in Hong Kong (personal interview, 2018). Physicians in Hong Kong are split evenly in the public and private sectors, The ratio is approximately 50:50 (personal interview, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550976718019-KLW5Y15FFM4DU11YBE02/hong+kong.png Hong Kong - Hong Kong Population (2018): 7.428 million (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 37927.13 US (Income Per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.0% ( Health Facts of Hong Kong, 2018) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303604053-FN5DWELHWQJAYNU8EEA1/image-asset.jpeg Hong Kong https://globalfamilymedicine.org/estonia daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551890218670-54XEWY4R2PCDR8V68JU4/Estonia-nordic-cross-flag.pdf.jpg Estonia - healthcare system Estonia has a public healthcare system, and is one of the most advanced countries with family medicine recognition (Arya et al., 2017) The Family Physician Association of Estonia was established 1991. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551890136198-41542OTA60BNGQ1W1F9T/Estonia.png Estonia - Estonia Population (2017): 1.316 M Income per Capita (2018): 18,977.39 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.51% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099855472-LB10IV93ETGXKCRQAL33/image-asset.jpeg Estonia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/bahrain daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552610921955-99U90RV7F864QY7CCZVX/bahrain+flag.png Bahrain - healthcare system Bahrain possesses a mixed healthcare system, consisting of a public and private sector (Health Systems Profile-Bahrain, 2007). Family medicine is recognized by the Ministry of Health (Health Systems Profile-Bahrain, 2007). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552610851520-10JQ8EVAEOZ2AKGTN4VA/bahrain%2Bmap.jpg Bahrain - bahrain Population (2017, M): 1.493 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 22111.50 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 5.16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585184705602-OT9DHXM4OP70ZANQM25L/image-asset.jpeg Bahrain https://globalfamilymedicine.org/lithuania daily 0.75 2020-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553183615939-CD626LADFN6WWI060J4D/Lithuania++flag.png Lithuania - Lithuania Population (2017): 2.848 M Income per Capita (2018): 16,793.25 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.51% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553183617698-GEUTU9S8CU7LYN0EAFUI/Lithuania+.png Lithuania - Healthcare System “The Lithuanian Society of General Practitioners and the College of General Practitioners are the two professional associations representing family doctors. The primary aims of these societies are to serve the patient and the GP by encouraging and maintaining the highest standards of general medical practice. Both GPs’ societies are recognized bodies for the accreditation of specialist training in general practice in Lithuania.” (Kringos et al., n.d.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1587171121305-ETXJNXQWNDWS9GPXTOSR/image-asset.jpeg Lithuania https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview daily 0.75 2020-04-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550874736442-KGDTIT2XI3DW5IP1XKER/Southeast+Asia.png Region Overview https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586304120811-XQA5PA51VAECLWNY253Y/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/singapore daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550879153238-5EKP1QLH50X7R1HIWR9A/singapore.png Singapore - Singapore Population (2017): 5.612 Million Income per capita (2018): 55,235.51 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 4.25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550879160581-Y4M6MHSWCA01PDOYGMO2/singapore+flag.png Singapore - healthcare system There is a certain level of recognition of family medicine; this could be seen by the change of name from “College of General Practitioner” to “College of Family Physicians”. This reflects the recognition of family medicine as the discipline (Wonca Europe). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586307811025-1DA7Y3LK5DK9DSN5I9JU/image-asset.jpeg Singapore https://globalfamilymedicine.org/north-korea daily 0.75 2020-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551061039234-S48GSMHYL84PO8OZMJYK/north+korea.png North Korea - North Korea Population (2018): 25.610 M (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 583.00 US (Income per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 9.06% (Trading Economics, 2007) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551061104936-G3N11YIUZW8CTSOYWM12/north+kore+a.png North Korea https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303916185-YYQ94EUD6CSHYNTXEWN7/image-asset.jpeg North Korea https://globalfamilymedicine.org/ghana daily 0.75 2022-08-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551110023741-MLBTN75K0VQ0917XBUPB/ghana.png Ghana - Ghana Population (2017): 28.83 M Income Per Capita (2018): 1813.80 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare: 5.91 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551110027669-CGCI235MGFKCJSX6TXF7/ghanan.png Ghana - Healthcare System The health system in Ghana is mixed, comprised of private, public and faith-based sectors. (“A CLOSER LOOK AT THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN GHANA.”), family medicine is recognized within the healthcare system. There is a high level of awareness of family medicine among medical students in Ghana however very few students want to choose it as a specialty because of inadequate understanding of the specialty. (Essuman, A, C Anthony-Krueger, and T A Ndanu. 2013.), number of physician in private and/or public sector: There are 3365 physicians in the private and/or public sector, (“THE HEALTH SECTOR IN GHANA.”). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1589935926924-YDB23NLTBRR35A2COYF5/image-asset.jpeg Ghana https://globalfamilymedicine.org/libya daily 0.75 2023-08-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552969777731-QU7V3Z0BVS86QHCFTG12/unnamed.png libya - Libya Population (2017, M): 6.375 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 7314.62 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2014): 5.0 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552969866807-19YLUAXKLIJ0AVO2UMGT/libya.png libya - healthcare system Libya’s medical care utilizes a public system, in which all family physicians work in the public sector5. Family medicine is recognized by the Libyan Board of Medical Specialties (Al’arabi et al., 2019) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585194790480-PGKJKQ7QTCFMCVIYIV3Q/image-asset.jpeg libya https://globalfamilymedicine.org/st-kitts daily 0.75 2020-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553188632478-Q7Q3NW7WGCL2K4IDCQDE/st+kitts+.jpg Saint Kitts - Healthcare System Though the government provides public healthcare facilities in this country, citizens still must pay for their visits prior to seeing a physician. There is no national insurance model and a private sector does not exist in this country. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553188630791-2VVZAHBWKZ3V6VUL0PHX/saint-kitts-and-nevis-location-on-the-caribbean-map.jpg Saint Kitts - Saint Kitts Population, (2017): 55,345 Income per Capita, (2018): 15779.32 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 5.62% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585870683189-RHKUKWUL0F9E59IGCSU4/image-asset.jpeg Saint Kitts https://globalfamilymedicine.org/cambodia daily 0.75 2021-04-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550877910487-ZN9CHFTSKP9K4PTL870T/cambodia+map.png Cambodia - Cambodia Population (2017): 16.01 Million Income per capita (2018): 1,384.42 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.98 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550877942010-IHQW933TPI4O0POZI0XX/cambodia+flag.jpg Cambodia - healthcare system Need to find through interviews https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586307697012-1QJC5DIBXHEK1IEUOVZ0/image-asset.jpeg Cambodia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/indonesia daily 0.75 2023-08-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550878932979-RW3RNPBWFIWHQGTT7DD8/indonesia+flag.jpg Indonesia - healthcare system Need to find through interviews https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550878835740-TJQDKPW5N5PZ7D040QO4/indonesia.png Indonesia - Indonesia Population (2017): 264 Million Income per capita (2018): 4,130.66 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 3.35 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586307764741-J2IJE80Q14GP42WI20O1/image-asset.jpeg Indonesia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-3 daily 0.75 2020-06-30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550894033791-83QKFAJKD5O4T4UGR6XY/the+balkans+.png Region Overview - The Balkans In the Balkans, many of the first post-graduate programs in family medicine were established in the 1990s. Croatia and Turkey had established family medicine training programs earlier, in the 1980s. Kosovo, Malta, and Montenegro had established family medicine programs later, in the 2000s. Family medicine societies exist in the Balkans, and family medicine is recognized as a part of primary care. In order to specialize in family medicine, one must enter a medical school program after completing high school. Medical school is 6 years in the Balkans, with the exception of the medical school in Malta that is 5 years, and during this time family medicine is taught as part of the curriculum. Once graduating from medical school, there is about 2-4 years of post-graduate training to specialize in family medicine. The training is a residency program that is often divided into training in in-patient and out-patient settings. In Italy and Slovenia, practicing family physicians must complete continuing medical education in order to keep their license as a family physician. Little data has been collected on continuing medical education in other countries in the Balkans region. Family physicians often act as gate-keepers in this region, and patients do need to receive a referral from a family physician in order to see a specialist. Majority of the population has access to family physicians, as the health care system in the Balkans is public, and requires mandatory health insurance plans that cover the health care cost of primary care. Patients may also see a private family physician if they wish. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1593549994036-GZLV2E7PASPOLSTPXNCF/Screen+Shot+2020-06-30+at+4.46.11+PM.png Region Overview - Eastern Europe In Eastern Europe, the first post-graduate programs in family medicine were established in the late 1990s – 2000s. Family medicine societies exist in Eastern European countries, and family medicine is recognized as a part of primary care. In order to specialize in family medicine, one must enter a medical school program after completing high school. Medical school is 6 years in Eastern Europe, and during this time family medicine is taught as part of the curriculum. Once graduating from medical school, there is about 2-4 years of post-graduate training to specialize in family medicine. The training is a residency program that is often divided into training in in-patient and out-patient settings. Once completing specialist training, family physicians provide preventative and corrective care, and are able to treat various illnesses. Family doctors often do not need to provide a referral for patients to see other specialists. Slovakia and Moldova, however, do use a gate-keeping system, and a referral is needed. Majority of the population has access to family physicians, as the health care system in Eastern Europe requires mandatory health insurance plans that cover the health care cost of primary care. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585097881266-7ZMWPB31LLSNHM71EW0Q/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/tajikistan daily 0.75 2020-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551062245559-ZUPVACPRHU3KN2YYX06L/Tajikistan+.png Tajikistan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551062242688-1C5AOP4QU0BCLSG6BIFG/Tajikistan.png Tajikistan - Tajikistan Population (2018): 8.921 M (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 2896.91 US (Income per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.85% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586302872743-K5VAADCVVFKJG0AG3O6J/image-asset.jpeg Tajikistan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/hati daily 0.75 2020-04-02 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553185968147-BXMPWDMU3A2TA5G55R96/bccb2b67-61f5-4da1-a04f-e4768c3c2569.png Hati - Haiti Population, (2017): 10.98 M Income per Capita, (2018): 728.92 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 6.87% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553185975754-78G8MZQWYCP4YIC4F5D7/hati+flag.png Hati - Healthcare System The healthcare system in Haiti is mostly private in nature. There are very few publicly funded health resources and if they are there, the level of care is subpar. Family medicine is not really recognized or publicly funded in Haiti, however, they are called family physicians, which is a step in the right direction. It is a relatively new concept here and it is hard to implement something like this in an unstable environment like Haiti. Unfortunately, the actual number of private and public care physicians could not be found, however in the urban areas, 83% of consultation fees are done in the private sector and in the rural areas it is only 17% as most physicians work in the private sector in urban centers (Healthcare in Hati, 2018 & personal interview, 2018). Since there is a much higher concentration of affluent people in the urban areas, this may explain this discrepancy. Access to care is quite difficult as hospitals are not easily accessible. The centers that are available, are not well suited for healthcare. Travelling to hospitals is also hard due to the geography. Barriers to healthcare include the cost and geography, and if people have money, essential medications are available. The rarer treatments may not be available (personal interview, 2018). The doctor’s equipment in the cities are quite up-to-date, however, in the rural areas, it is fairly scarce, which might explain the higher concentration of private sector fees in the urban areas (personal interview, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585870135334-X51B2XB7WN6AUGNCRAUF/image-asset.jpeg Hati https://globalfamilymedicine.org/australia daily 0.75 2022-08-13 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550936254727-NO6J0XHSRVH9ZB4CVTOV/austalia.gif Australia - Healthcare System The health care structure in Australia is very universal and everyone has access to it. There is no difference in the system, however, the doctor may charge more than the government subsidized amount, or they might charge the government amount so that the patient doesn’t have to pay out of pocket. General practitioners are very recognized in the health care system as they are publicly funded and there are colleges that teach general practice such as the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) and the Australian College of Rural and Remote Medicine (ACRRM). General practitioners are also recognized as GPs that go through the GPET (general practitioner educational training) program. Because there is no separate sector of private and public health, all of the physicians are in the public system and there are roughly 43000 general practitioners (Karen Flegg, 2018). In Australia, everybody has access to healthcare however, it is harder in the rural areas where they have little emergency clinics. Residents might need airborne medical service if they are far from hospitals. Medications are all government subsidized and everyone has access to those along with immunizations. Some barriers to care are that Aboriginals’ people cannot have Western medicine and money is still an issue if physicians ask for more than what is subsidized. The doctors in Australia also have good access to medical equipment as each clinic must be credited by the college (Interview informant, 2019). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550936163489-DC5KLARQ4745DLKEGFKV/aus.png Australia - Australia Population, (2017): 24.6 M Income per Capita, (2018): 55925.93 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 9.45% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308805360-53ULOGFESFWFODSQ4TJY/image-asset.jpeg Australia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/mauritius daily 0.75 2020-03-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550938176358-5R33D995XT5PEZHRZ9XF/mauritius.png Mauritius - Mauritius Population, (2017): 1.265 M Income per Capita, (2018): 10186.10 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 4.64% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550938305016-ZDYOPETUHHQDZ38G6G7L/Mauritius+.gif Mauritius - Healthcare System * Unfortunately, no other information could be found at this time. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1590951878059-ONS15IMJNWZXF1XT253D/image-asset.jpeg Mauritius https://globalfamilymedicine.org/new-zealand daily 0.75 2021-12-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550959168369-BAH2244F1X561CRIT0TP/new+zeland.png New Zealand - Healthcare System The healthcare system in New Zealand is mixed and is comprised of both private and public sectors. In New Zealand, if you need to see a specialist free of charge, you have to start with a general practitioner in the public system. You can also pay out of your pocket and see a specialist through the private system (New Zealand Immigration, 2018). General practitioners are also well recognized in New Zealand as there is a college called the Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners that was established in 1974 (Royal New Zealand College of General Practitioners). It is also publicly funded since there is a public system. Of the doctors that were on call for than 10 hours a week, 43% of them worked in private group practices and 40.9% of them worked in a public hospital. Of the specialists, 86% of then worked in public hospitals, whereas, 4.4% of them worked in a private group practise (Workforce Survey Report, 2016). Access to healthcare in New Zealand is also very good. Any child under the age of 5 qualifies for a free health service called Well Child or Tamariki Oro. All children under 13 are also eligible for free general practitioner visits, immunizations, eye and hearing checks, and dental appointments while at school (New Zealand Immigration, 2018). This helps break down barriers to healthcare and ensures people get good access to healthcare. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550959111513-SZMB744G1ZK76IQHGS8U/new+zealand.png New Zealand - New Zealand Population, (2017): 4.794 M Income per Capita, (2018): 37852.87 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 9.34% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586309097619-XKMUV377SKF0U5A498AB/image-asset.jpeg New Zealand https://globalfamilymedicine.org/nigeria daily 0.75 2022-08-17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551110369842-A2XOYYHAFOGMTZ0WRYKW/nigeria+.+png.png Nigeria - Healthcare System The healthcare system is mixed, comprised of both a public system and a private system (trying to make more money because government does not pay well). (Ngong, Cyprian, MD,), family medicine is well recognized within the healthcare system; however, people still do not understand the role of family physicians. It is considered an identity crisis. Within colleagues, the level of recognition is high because they understand the role and refer their patients to family physicians they believer are doing a good job. (Ngong, Cyprian, MD,), there are approx. 42,000 physicians in the private and/or public sector, (Ngong, Cyprian, MD,). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551110317565-1QSY4DBGUKKELOLQ7V67/nigeria.png Nigeria - Nigeria Population (2017): 190.9 M Income Per Capita (2018): 2412.41 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare: 3.56 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1590952123751-JZGQJIN0PUAU4RVM320C/image-asset.jpeg Nigeria https://globalfamilymedicine.org/denmark daily 0.75 2020-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551112325354-DFMHPLGP8XKSR4J0ZJUM/Denmark.jpg Denmark - Healthcare System The health care system in Denmark is universal, and is mainly tax based and publicly provided. Danish citizens may choose between two systems of primary health care: medical care provided free of charge by a doctor chosen by the individual for a year and by those specialists to whom the doctor refers the patient; or complete freedom of choice of any physician or specialist at any time, with state reimbursement of about two-thirds of the cost for medical bills paid directly by the patient. Most people opt for the former system (Kringos et al., n.d.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551112289878-OIG421SNDJXCSVGJRH85/Denmark.+.png Denmark - Denmark Population (2017): 5.77 M Income per Capita (2018): 56,307.51 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 10.33% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1587171199974-9HLA0RVTZBPABNRZMREC/image-asset.jpeg Denmark https://globalfamilymedicine.org/south-sudan daily 0.75 2023-08-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/ff0a0405-774d-49a6-918b-63c0e336a830/sudan.png Sudan - Healthcare System This country is considered a lower middle income country with an improving healthcare system. There is one federal ministry of health in this country and about 18 local ministries of health that span across the country. The Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) overlooks the other ministries and ensures collaboration throughout the country. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585527254003-KOX6OM7MAF0I0XIYME8O/image-asset.jpeg Sudan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/switzerland daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553184439683-D18ZT5I2L9KKD0VOJRFM/Switzerland+.png Switzerland - Switzerland Population (2017): 8.42 M Income per Capita (2018): 76,667.44 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 12.06% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553184439274-53OQJD2KF44F231KFJJI/switz.png Switzerland - Healthcare System The health care system is universal but administered by individual cantons. Everyone must have basic health and accident insurance (Expatica, 2017) The Swiss Society of General Internal Medicine (SGAIM) was founded in 2015. This was created when the Swiss Society of General Medicine and Society of General Internal Medicine merged (SGAIM SSMIG SSGIM, n.d.) https://globalfamilymedicine.org/philippines daily 0.75 2020-04-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550875081194-VGW8JXH957HMM74WXM0L/philipians+flag.gif Philippines - Healthcare system Need to find through more interviews https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550874968968-HI9LT1QXX85CKU78EMZI/philippines.png Philippines - Philippines Population (2017): 104.9 Million Income per capita (2018): 2.891.36 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 4.41 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586304233114-X0HL8TCVHHUMPHG038VM/image-asset.jpeg Philippines https://globalfamilymedicine.org/moldovia daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550893138207-ARIBDAU06870CW23IS5D/moldova.png Moldovia - Moldova Population (2017): 3.55 M Income per Capita (2018): 2,165.16 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 10.18% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550893448287-5B4EKXVHDKV7VU4DHKNM/moldova+flag.jpg Moldovia - Healthcare System Need to find through more interviews https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099340028-JGSWENL11DPVALLBZSS9/image-asset.jpeg Moldovia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/japan daily 0.75 2022-07-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550976993947-66Y1ZM8SNALPSOYMS6K0/japan.png Japan - Healthcare system Health Care System data is unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550976938898-TR579UVN7ASMYTLZOFLI/japan+mapa.png Japan - Japan Population (2018): 127 M (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 48556.93 US (Income Per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 10.9% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303662670-63ONL3R3ARQ6M0XV3MSS/image-asset.jpeg Japan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/turkmenistan daily 0.75 2020-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551062385065-65VP1G2GGWWAALMRE4IT/Turkmenistan+.gif Turkmenistan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551062383828-MSV875OK77D67AIGJS4O/Turkmenistan.png Turkmenistan - Turkmenistan Population (2018): 5.758 M (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 7317.60 US (Income Per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.25% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303084369-3PRQ6JKDXRC9Y53TXSIJ/image-asset.jpeg Turkmenistan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/syria-1 daily 0.75 2020-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553409114655-YCUFQ72O6CQEG6JONVEO/syria+map.png syria - Syria Population (2017, M): 18.27 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 1700.39 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 3.2 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553409173043-Z2D5WDDPMBWFROBMIZTW/syria+flag.png syria - healthcare system The health care system in Syria is mixed (Garabedian, 2018). Most family doctors work in the public sector. Family medicine is recognized by the Syrian Ministry of Health and the Syrian Syndicate (Garabedian, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585257477995-6N86I8PCUBYXGE9J5931/image-asset.jpeg syria https://globalfamilymedicine.org/tanzania daily 0.75 2020-03-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551109272586-SFSQ9JVZBL5P999K14Q6/Tanzania.png Tanzania - Tanzania Population (2017): 57.31 M Income Per Capita (2018): 900.52 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare: 6.12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551109276888-QKD6XR3R15TJJ4L21FK4/Tanzania.jpg Tanzania - healthcare system The health system in Tanzania is Public, Private and Faith- Based. (“A CLOSER LOOK AT THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN TANZANIA.”), family medicine is a recognized specialty within the healthcare system, however family physicians are finding it hard to stay motivated. (Mash, Robert, et al.,), there are 2,250 physicians in the public and private sector, (Where Are the Doctors? Tracking Medical Doctors in Tanzania Medical Association of Tanzania.”). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585527295245-F2JHKD3SH3GZPPU3T57N/image-asset.jpeg Tanzania https://globalfamilymedicine.org/malawi daily 0.75 2020-03-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551110581933-5EJNJXM43ZX93X4UWUN5/malawi.png Malawi - Healthcare System Type of health system: Public, private for profit, and private not for profit sectors. (Makwero, Martha T, et al., 2018.), Level of recognition of family medicine: Recognized within the health care system. FM has aligned itself to the national agenda of strengthening primary health care services delivery and access at district health level and below. A contribution is that FM is committed to capacity building of the multidisciplinary teams within PHC as a whole. (Makwero, Martha T, et al., 2018.), Number of physician in private and/or public sector: approx. 600, (“Does Malawi Have Just 300 Doctors for 16 Million People? | Africa Check.”). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551110577289-IDQ2D1CS5HCJDW61DKVG/malawi.+png.png Malawi - Malawi Population (2017): 18.62 M Income Per Capita (2018): 481.27 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare: 9.33 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1590951757787-LGZJG19Q24UH5PCGBIEH/image-asset.jpeg Malawi https://globalfamilymedicine.org/south-africa daily 0.75 2020-03-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551111092822-2OU38Z0NUG5AZOPFF21Z/SA.png South Africa - sOUTH aFRICA Population (2017): 56.72 M Income Per Capita (2018): 7524.51 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare: 8.20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551111096170-QTVDX93VTKX6LFJL4YJV/SA+flag.png South Africa - Healthcare System The healthcare system is mixed with public and private sectors. (Mash, 2018). Family medicine is recognized as a specialty in the healthcare system (Mash, 2018). However, in the private sector, there is a battle to get the medical aid schemes to recognize and remunerate family physicians differently from general practitioners. The primary care model relies upon community oriented care in South Africa and there are roughly 900-1000 family physicians currently practicing (von Pressentin, 2019). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1590952216555-W1YQ61J8E6SN4CTLYCTP/image-asset.jpeg South Africa https://globalfamilymedicine.org/austria daily 0.75 2020-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551111733823-YHLXQIZY3AYI2RB9NBQ3/ausr.png Austria - Austria Population (2017): 8.773 M Income per Capita (2018): 49,129.23 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 10.32% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551111735157-0FKOZW43DZ7WXZLQS954/austria.png Austria - Healthcare system Austria’s health care system is public, (personal interview, 2018) and everyone must have health insurance (Kringos et al., n.d.). There is equality in the healthcare system, and everyone receives the same treatment (personal interview, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1587171156176-XMFGS1XXSUZAR3I236FQ/image-asset.jpeg Austria https://globalfamilymedicine.org/egypt daily 0.75 2020-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552611259594-7T9GJD2BO6ZJBSIJZR8S/egypt+map.png Egypt - Egypt Population (2017, M): 97.55 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 2412.73 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 4.17 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552611368677-1PSSGMM3ZC2L9FWZB84X/egypt+flag.png Egypt - healthcare system Egypt possesses a mixed health care system; most doctors work in both public and private sectors. This includes private and public clinics and hospitals (personal interview, 2018). Family medicine is recognized by several institutions including the Ministry of Health and the Egyptian Fellowship. However, it remains undervalued and many family physicians feel they are underpaid (personal interview, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585185736763-FX852VBKQ7N5BODU557C/image-asset.jpeg Egypt https://globalfamilymedicine.org/morocco daily 0.75 2021-12-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553105651211-5ZMIJRBCA6CHDL4POO3R/Morocco+map.png Morocco - Morocco Population (2017, M): 35.74 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 3292.40 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 5.53 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553110664958-QWJZ5QOVN4RRBGNKRANO/morcco+flag.png Morocco - healthcare system Type of Health System: mixed healthcare system Level of recognition of family medicine: Number of physicians in private and/or public sector: The health system is organized in a pyramidal structure. Primary healthcare, such as clinics, and local hospitals represent the first resort for patients. It can be either private or public. The second tier is provincial public hospitals and private clinics, while the third is regional hospitals. The fourth tier is university hospitals, (WHO, 2006). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585255314568-QX6F0QS5N99EGI7185W9/image-asset.jpeg Morocco https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-4 daily 0.75 2020-04-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550894666769-2R56KKNPA23G0US71G49/oceania.png Region Overview - Oceania Family medicine and its training is quite established in the Oceanic countries. However, family medicine in this region is not called family medicine, but is called “general practice”. This sector of medicine involves ultimately the exact same training and practice procedures as what is called “family medicine” in much of the western world. For all of these countries, high school education is required, in addition to an undergraduate degree in some regions before acceptance into medical school. The length of medical school varies from 4-6 years and is followed by a residency program for general practice. Most countries have a 3-4-year residency for a general practitioner. Unfortunately for Tonga, Solomon Islands, and Vanuatu, no information on medical education could be found. https://globalfamilymedicine.org/taiwan daily 0.75 2022-08-18 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551061450772-NSJ4DRIFWZ1IVOZ2P44X/taiwan.png Taiwan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551061449189-V63SVKDY5PSO08Z2YMHT/taiwan+map.png Taiwan - Taiwan Population (2018): 23.694 M (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 24,318,000 US (Income per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.63% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586304052939-BCD2VM5796HAFO6TFQIX/image-asset.jpeg Taiwan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/poland daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551063575157-OM9BA9YDVWTW0IKUSG59/poland+.png Poland - healthcare system The College of Family Physicians in Poland was established in 1992 (About the College, 2018) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551063574467-U07DJ3KEFEKS3FTEYA36/poland.png Poland - Poland Population (2017): 38,695 Income per Capita (2011): 162,009.88 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 2.03% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099391421-LT0WAZLQAC9H1EG0QF69/image-asset.jpeg Poland https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-88 daily 0.75 2020-06-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592717380735-AN3Z1F67VDGI14FXHEEL/Screen+Shot+2020-06-21+at+1.29.27+AM.png Region Overview - Western Europe In Western Europe, the first post-graduate programs in family medicine were established in the 1990s – early 2000s. Family medicine societies exist in Western European countries, and family medicine is recognized as a part of primary care. In order to specialize in family medicine, one must enter a medical school program after completing high school. Medical school is about 6-7 years in Western Europe, and during this time family medicine is taught as part of the curriculum. Germany has the most schools offering family medicine education. Once graduating from medical school, there is about 3-5 years of post-graduate training to specialize in family medicine. The training is a residency program that is often divided into training in in-patient and out-patient settings. In the Netherlands, the residency program is unique because more time is spent in out-patient settings, and very little time is spent in the hospital. Once practicing as a family physician, most European countries do not have required continuing medical education, but it is still offered and encouraged. Family physicians do not act as gate-keepers in the following countries, with the Netherlands being one of the few countries that do. In the Netherlands, gate-keeping is used before seeing most specialists, and there is a gate-keeping system to go to the emergency. This has been implemented in order to decrease wait times and improve the efficiency of primary care. Majority of the population has access to family physicians, as the health care system in Western Europe requires mandatory health insurance plans that cover the health care cost of primary care. In Western Europe, specifically in Belgium, Cyprus, France and Greece, family medicine was established in the early 80s, early 2000s. In becoming a family physician, one must attend high school, 6-years of medical school and a residency and/or master’s program, although in France an internship is required. Though, all three countries have family medicine residency, they have limited number of institutions that offer family medicine, however their health systems are recognized by organizations. These institutions also train other primary care deliverers, which include pediatricians, gynecologists and obstetrics, as well as nurses. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1587171056530-HCBHAUVP9U6HSIVY3CPN/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/afghanistan-1 daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552609852233-TC3WTTJTAQ3VJ254378O/A+flag.png Afghanistan - Healthcare system Type of Health System: WHO is working towards aiding Afghanistan implement the National Health Policy that was put in place in 2015. This includes opening functional health facilities, training enough doctors, and ensuring the delivery of healthcare to those in poor environments. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552609741824-TQYY685EPVPLOM70TRV5/afghanistan+.png Afghanistan - AFGHANISTAN Population (2017, M): 35.53 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 618.30 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 10.30 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585183362438-1I73VY3IJSDXH0L2R05D/image-asset.jpeg Afghanistan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/the-besrour-conferences daily 0.75 2019-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553195095548-KDFFXSJZ1ULT1EKJMNO6/Screen+Shot+2019-03-21+at+3.03.57+PM.png The Besrour Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553195130270-QY5RIGB1Z8SY4KP7WL47/Screen+Shot+2019-03-21+at+3.04.23+PM.png The Besrour Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553194980486-61SFBW0UJD77DSS2234S/Rouleau+Besrour+Conferences+%281%29.jpg The Besrour Conferences https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553195115146-K4U315TII1K0DE7PAJF7/Screen+Shot+2019-03-21+at+3.04.07+PM.png The Besrour Conferences https://globalfamilymedicine.org/vietnam daily 0.75 2022-07-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550876811939-XG8YFYV619CQ8P6QXW4N/vietnam.png Vietnam - Vietnam Population (2017): 95.54 Million Income per capita (2018): 1.834.65 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.65 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550876818597-ZQFWMZ28HE3QWAE1WFHL/vietnam+flag.jpg Vietnam - healthcare system Need to find through interviews. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586304320713-FC6X92Q5BB40OBNDSMZV/image-asset.jpeg Vietnam https://globalfamilymedicine.org/canada daily 0.75 2022-08-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550894879990-ZVCEPXJ8IYVWKB0PLDRY/canada.png Canada - CANADA Population, (2017): 36.71 M Income per Capita, (2018): 45032.12 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 10.44% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550896504497-32W9BC009GXMTN6G88HQ/canada+flag.jpg Canada - Healthcare System Overall, Canada has a mixed system of public and private care. The private sector delivers health care services, whereas the public sector finances those services. Health care services in Canada are largely provided by the private sector, but these are funded through the government by public health insurance plans. Unfortunately, no numbers could be found but most family physicians are in the private sector as they run their own clinics. Family medicine is well recognized in Canada as it has training programs established at numerous universities across the country. There is also a college that overlooks them called the College of Family Physicians of Canada which was established in 1954 (CFPC). The common consensus in Canada is that there is good access to healthcare. The only downfall that most Canadians complain about is the long waiting lines and it has also been seen in literature that age, sex, level of education, immigration status and region of residence are all barriers to accessing specialized services (Janine Clarke, 2016). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308640300-DNO2Z5MUGCYBRHPCVR2W/image-asset.jpeg Canada https://globalfamilymedicine.org/tonga daily 0.75 2020-03-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550967129307-MUBKW95C2I91L6WPKDRU/tonga.gif Tonga - Tonga Population, (2017): 108,020 Income per Capita, (2018): 5425.62 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 5.86% https://globalfamilymedicine.org/china daily 0.75 2022-08-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550976421305-K57NJP7NAJ1UV0TEPCN6/china.png China - China Population (2018): 1.415 billion (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 8826.99 US (Income per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.32% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550976505330-K0LEPPFAWV3XQB7Z583B/china+flag.gif China - Healthcare System China’s healthcare system is almost all public, with approximately 95% public (personal interview, 2018). However, insurance and coverage varies by region in China. Family medicine is not fully recognized in all schools yet. The salary of a family physician is tied to the profit they receive from patients, which acts as deterrent (personal interview, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303542959-LIZOVLAJPRHF638NCD8Y/image-asset.jpeg China https://globalfamilymedicine.org/kazakhstan daily 0.75 2020-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551061849844-YL4CDR03PVNQRPZT80FR/kazakhstan.png Kazakhstan - Kazakhstan Population (2018): 18.401 M (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 10857.38 US (Income per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 3.88% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551061853105-O84OBRHP38QNBQ679UXA/kaz.jpg Kazakhstan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586302701543-PY3ZX5BUQYEML6YC4F4V/image-asset.jpeg Kazakhstan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/slovakia daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551074545666-68XIMIRQRVBG4ZTEN5FM/Slovakia+.png Slovakia - healthcare system Slovakia has a public healthcare system, with free primary care. Family medicine is recognized by healthcare system. However, than 90% of GPs are in the private sector (Macháčová, 2018). The Slovak Society of General Practice was established in 1979c, and has 1400 GPs as members (General Practioner, n.d.). More than 90% of GPs are in the private sector (Macháčová, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551074544234-M0D4137QQXW0TSKQUD36/Slovakia.png Slovakia - Slovakia Population (2017): 5.612 M Income per Capita (2018): 55,235.51 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 4.25% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099441391-TWP91NHYXE8ZPUUZHRIY/image-asset.jpeg Slovakia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/bosnia-herzegovina daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551075321459-SUHNWZ9P2OB2TZBIMRTM/Bosnia+%26+Herzegovina++.png Bosnia & Herzegovina - Bosnia & Herzegovina Population (2017): 3.507 M Income per Capita (2018): 5,561.29 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 9.38% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551075330082-1O12M8009XG2AITL89TG/Bosnia+%26+Herzegovina+.png Bosnia & Herzegovina - healthcare system The Family Medicine Development Project in Bosnia and Herzegovina was an initiative funded by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) that was sparked by a visit to Queen’s University (Kingston, Canada) by the Dean of the Medical School in Sarajevo in 1995 (Masic et al., 2014). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099760570-H39A85V674GFMI74N065/image-asset.jpeg Bosnia & Herzegovina https://globalfamilymedicine.org/nepal daily 0.75 2020-04-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551116138694-7ON9JLCLVPRV9DZE9ZSQ/nepal.png Nepal - Nepal Population (2017): 29.3 Million Income per capita (2018): 728.40 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551116142058-EH8JH78C1MES16JLJ6PD/nepa%3B.jpeg Nepal - Healthcare System The healthcare system is mixed but it is predominantly private practice with few government hospitals (Allison, 2018). The government has promised to cover few services, medications, and treatment free of charge. The larger the facility the more services is covered for free (Jill Allison, MD). The district hospitals cover more services free of charge compared to the private practices (Allison, 2018). There are significant barriers that prevent people from having access to healthcare such as geography (this is a major barrier), it would take about one to two days for some people living in very remote areas to reach the nearest hospital (Allison, 2018). Financial capacity is another barrier since people pay to see the doctor; hence this leads to inequities in care received (Allison, 2018). There are approximately 125 different languages that are spoken, hence language barriers make it challenging for physicians to offer care when the physician is not able to understand the patient’s concerns (Allison, 2018). Even though it is not legal, there is a caste system that still exists and people get discriminated due to this, which becomes a barrier when seeking care from a physician (Allison, 2018). Physicians who work at rural centers sometimes decide to stop working in the rural areas and come back to the city (Allison, 2018). This creates difficulty for people to receive care when there is no doctor (Allison, 2018). There is poor maintenance and delivery of equipment, making it challenging for doctors to provide treatment (Allison, 2018). The patients are not satisfied with the healthcare system in place. In urban areas, if the person is able to receive care through the private system then the person could be satisfied (Allison, 2018). However, in rural communities, people would suffer in silence because they do not understand satisfaction, as they are not aware about the services that should be available to them (Allison, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308335997-VV5IKHCW4JVPWDRKL8PC/image-asset.jpeg Nepal https://globalfamilymedicine.org/jordan daily 0.75 2020-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552969385246-Q0M1EIFGZ4GAHZAYLG8C/jordan+flag.png Jordan - healthcare system The health system in Jordan consists of private, public and non-governmental sectors (Tarawneh, 2015). Most family doctors work in both the public and private sectors (Tarawneh, 2015). Family medicine is recognized by the Ministry of Health and Jordanian Medical Council (Abyad et al., 2007) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552969299123-K3Y9T3PFJORE4V2BSFLW/Jordan+.png Jordan - Jordan Population (2017, M): 9.702 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 3238.30 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 6.28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585190609989-Z7JGZMZV9J2J965KNR0D/image-asset.jpeg Jordan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/lebanon daily 0.75 2020-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552969542961-KM8J9U0KU0BLGEPWLBFA/unnamed.png Lebanon - lebanon Population (2017, M): 6.082 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 7197.60 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 7.43 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552969631148-RUQV18FK416B701DXFPD/lebanon+flag.jpg Lebanon - healthcare system Family medicine is recognized by the Lebanese Order of Physicians; Lebanese Society of Family Medicine (2016). Lebanon is anomalous in that most do not regret their decision to become family physicians (71.9%); a number that is greater than most current findings on the Western world (2016). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585194703505-9SK6M15R58HUE3S8LMTR/image-asset.jpeg Lebanon https://globalfamilymedicine.org/belize daily 0.75 2020-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553186742783-81GTKPOZCDZIASQRZZ2U/belize.jpg Belize - Healthcare System https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553186747610-45P4V34SQZCIFII2ZZA0/446a7bc4-b9ed-4d8a-92b0-1ccb3a83213f.png Belize - Belize Population, (2017): 374,681 Income per Capita, (2018): 4315.22 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 6.21% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585870428546-FH2PEYEFXB2GYK81QLK5/image-asset.jpeg Belize https://globalfamilymedicine.org/malaysia daily 0.75 2020-04-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550884144295-HN9J3W9TFKJIMN4TYX8S/image-asset.png Malaysia - Malaysia Population (2017): 31.62 Million Income per capita (2018): 11,521.45 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 4.00 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550884152466-9TQSEGL4NPPKCIZLBBZZ/malaysia.gif Malaysia - Healthcare System Previously, Malaysia had a comprehensive rural type of healthcare system that was comprised of main and subsidiary health centers (Family Practice, 1984). These centers provided primary care, midwifery, and maternal-child healthcare (Family Practice, 1984). The government focused on curative services instead of preventive medicine (Family Practice, 1984). Currently, Malaysia has a mixed healthcare system with a combination of public and private (Abdul Samad et al., 2014). Healthcare service is comprised of government-run public health clinics and hospitals, and private medical services that are offered by private health clinics or general practices and hospitals (Chew et al., 2016). The ministry of health administers the public sector health service through the central, state and district health offices (Chew et al., 2016). General practices are mostly solo practices that are run by non-specialist doctors (Chew et al., 2016). Both general practices and private hospitals are located mainly in urban areas (Chew et al., 2016). Patients pay directly or have a private health insurance when receiving care through the private healthcare system (Chew et al., 2016). The public primary care practices offer patient care with multidisciplinary team approach (Chew et al., 2016). This multidisciplinary team includes a nutritionist, pharmacist, physiotherapist, occupational therapist, and paramedic (Chew et al., 2016). The public health clinics are evenly distributed, with smaller clinics in remote areas (Chew et al., 2016). Family medicine specialists manage the bigger public health clinics and have all required facilities like medical laboratory tests, x-rays, and pharmacies (Chew et al., 2016). The clinics are linked to public hospitals with a fully developed referral system in place (Chew et al., 2016). Family medicine specialists work with specialists to provide patients with secondary or tertiary care (Chew et al., 2016). Patients pay a nominal fee to receive comprehensive care from public clinics and hospitals since the public health system in financed through general revenue and taxation, which are collected by the federal government (Chew et al., 2016). Previously, there were inequities to access medical care in urban and rural areas (Family Practice, 1984). The government services and rural health centers offered primary care within the outpatient departments of hospitals and in urban polyclinics (Family Practice, 1984). Government employees and people with lower income accessed these services (Family Practice,1984). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586307863573-4M386AN096SWFCK0PYPJ/image-asset.jpeg Malaysia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/united-kingdom daily 0.75 2020-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550970991828-4G7ROWZW7VB8ASO4LVIE/great+britan.png United Kingdom - United Kingdom Population, (2017): 66.02 M Income per Capita, (2018): 42514.49 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 9.88% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550971082412-Y9FRA6AYEENF9VYJ6ALN/great+britam.jpg United Kingdom - Healthcare System Since the healthcare system in the UK is publicly funded, the public sector is used greatly, however, there is a private system in place generally for secondary care. The general practitioners in the UK are well recognized. The Royal College of General Practitioners, RCGP, was created in 1952 and it was incorporated into the royal charter in 1972. There are roughly 25000 doctors that are registered with insurance companies to do private work and the private sector only gets about 5-7% of funding (Gulland, 2017 & personal interview, 2018). Everyone gets access to care but some barriers are not enough general practitioners and hardship of getting an appointment. People, in general, complain about their experiences in walk-in centers and also about their hardship in booking an appointment with a doctor. Most people get vaccinated and there are school programs for this. Community nurses give the vaccines to infants. Most medications are easily accessible, and bottlenecks are created due to gatekeeping personal interview, 2018). The doctors have good access to quality equipment, however, generally there isn't anybody to do bloodwork at a general practitioner’s practice because they save money from not having a specific nurse for that since there is no funding for that from the government (personal interview, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1587171287106-260SO9UQHSC9C621UOPP/image-asset.jpeg United Kingdom https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-57 daily 0.75 2019-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553180443383-A1C2P3B08RX5ZWAHFFA7/c9e92c45-b2e3-4993-9a6b-53069eabaaa7.png Region Overview - Middle East The Middle East possesses great variation both in the presence of family medicine altogether, as well as its implementation and history. Regarding training, most countries that possess a family medicine program require 6 years of medical school after high school, (followed by a 1 year internship for many countries), and then a 4-year family medicine residency program. With that being said, there is still great variation in these Arabic-speaking countries, both between countries and within them. Many countries still do not have any formal postgraduate training for family doctors, such as Afghanistan and Yemen. Other countries, despite establishing their programs decades ago, remain stratified and limited in quality and quantity (Egypt, Libya, Lebanon, Israel). Other countries have developed and implemented their training programs within the last 10-20 years and are slowly growing (Palestine and Iran). Ultimately, primary care—particularly family medicine—is very much present in the Middle East. However, many countries remain limited in funding and acting through this department. This may be linked to the small role that these doctors seem to play. Most of these countries lack a referral system, meaning family doctors do not act as gatekeepers. The ability for patients to directly reach any specialist of their choosing may increase patient satisfaction, but leaves many family doctors upset, as their responsibilities are minimized. Moreover, this may waste precious time and resources; a robust primary care system prevents diseases and brings health to patients upstream in the development of most illnesses. Very little was found on Algeria and Morocco, which are part of North Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585181317064-I70MB1CQD9WCE2IE30WC/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/grenada daily 0.75 2020-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553187196036-IR0Y9JJNSVPHFKOGMRE7/grenada_tnnew.jpg Grenada - Healthcare System There is a national health insurance scheme which only covers work-related injuries. There is emphasis on the importance of primary healthcare and preventative measures. Family physicians are free. There are about 98 doctors and 398 nurses and midwives per 100,000 people in this country at the year of 2009. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1560973322763-PLTRQ0DZARP76YOZ10SA/46c141f1-e9ec-453e-86b7-4b47268502f2.png Grenada - Grenada Population, (2017): 107,825 Income per Capita, (2018): 13593.88 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 5.00% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585870471383-UFIU9SYOEH118H2QY6X1/image-asset.jpeg Grenada https://globalfamilymedicine.org/st-lucia daily 0.75 2020-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553188837371-C3YID4617PCJYZ3FOK74/.png Saint Lucia - Healthcare System St. Lucia's healthcare is mostly public.The Ministry of health oversees all health related policies and oversees the delivery of both primary and secondary health services. There is a private sector in this country but it is not the sector which the majority of the citizens use for their health services. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553188865336-ZPH85GQF17502KE4TQJG/St-Lucia-map-2.gif Saint Lucia - Saint Lucia Population, (2017): 178,844 Income per Capita, (2018): 12951.80 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 5.96% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585870776090-TWC4XNM9G5KUC3Q2MU1Y/image-asset.jpeg Saint Lucia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/papua-new-guinea daily 0.75 2020-03-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550966090795-AO5QIRTH7UKQ1K1TUN1T/papa+flag.jpg Papua New Guinea https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550966077919-5MAPWXQPIWYT0VQXXLS8/papa+map.png Papua New Guinea - Papua New Guinea Population, (2017): 8.251 M Income per Capita, (2018): 2401.60 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 3.77% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586309145976-KPKKFV1C79545AG00X52/image-asset.jpeg Papua New Guinea https://globalfamilymedicine.org/south-korea daily 0.75 2022-08-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551061280077-F02SAKW298URWQTL9HJG/south+korea.gif South Korea https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551061267149-R5FU2DE2LWWZ39OJCTN6/south+kor.png South Korea - South Korea Population (2018): 51.164 M (World Populations, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 26152.03 US (Income per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 7.70% (Statistica, 2016) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303988084-0TVTFYEPP7Y8FKZMKM0H/image-asset.jpeg South Korea https://globalfamilymedicine.org/pakistan daily 0.75 2020-04-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551114784801-C9SH6ZU4A7MX2YIJDM9W/pakisatna.png Pakistan - Healthcare System The level of recognition of general or family practice is very low, this is seen through the very few medical colleges that include family medicine rotation in the undergraduate curriculum (Sabzwari, Saniya). The general awareness regarding the scope of family medicine is the ability of a physician to treat coughs and colds (Sabzwari, Saniya). Hence, a strong understanding regarding this field of medicine is required to break the myth about family practice (Sabzwari, Saniya). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551114781976-84JN2Z3HZGNYBCGKIL2B/pakistan+.png Pakistan - Pakistan Population (2017): 197 Million Income per capita (2018): 1,222.52 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 2.69 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308217449-2WDT6Q6WUTZTJED0T6P2/image-asset.jpeg Pakistan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/netherlands daily 0.75 2020-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553183849662-GPEWF3Z0MIDH90IK6X7W/netherlands+.png Netherlands - Netherlands Population (2017): 17.08 M Income per Capita (2018): 53,597.83 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 10.69% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553183850683-29QJ2RF70JIJEX7CBNRR/netherlands.jpg Netherlands - Healthcare System The healthcare system is a mixed system as “health services are funded by a mix of obligatory social and private insurance, with additional co-payments for long-term care.” (NGH, n.d.) In the Netherlands, it is mandatory to have insurance, but it is affordable as it is covered if you make below a certain income. This covers a standard benefit package including primary care delivered by GPs (personal interview, 2018) Primary care in the Netherlands has high performance and low cost (NHG, n.d.) Family medicine is recognized as an important part of the healthcare system (personal interview, 2018) Roughly 95% of all GPs are members of the Dutch Association for General Practitioners, and the Dutch College for General Practitioners. All family medicine clinics are privately owned by the insurance companies (personal interview, 2018) Eighty-five percent of GPs are self-employed, and 15% are in salaried service with another self-employed GP. https://globalfamilymedicine.org/the-bahamas daily 0.75 2020-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553189227050-JUD0NLMA92ZPFC521U1E/5106-004-664F07F3.jpg The Bahamas - Healthcare System https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553189227887-AE8GIS3TTUC67K89PE18/the-bahamas-location-on-the-north-america-map.jpg The Bahamas - The Bahamas Population, (2017): 395,361 Income per Capita, (2018): 26538.95 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 7.36% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585870858553-WWTZ09SHTWO3QPA8FOAC/image-asset.jpeg The Bahamas https://globalfamilymedicine.org/samoa daily 0.75 2020-03-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550966665758-7ORVP9DJEQPQLTAFOKNQ/samoa+falg.png Samoa - Samoa Population, (2017): 196,440 Income per Capita, (2018): 3851 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 5.58% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586309195801-JQOR1CE92BDMT0YDKCVD/image-asset.jpeg Samoa https://globalfamilymedicine.org/ireland daily 0.75 2020-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550970146130-ERGMG78MY72Q1762N5L9/ireland-flag.jpg Ireland - Healthcare System The health care system in Ireland is mixed with private and public sectors (Hutchinson, 2015). Unfortunately, no numbers could be found of the number of physicians in the private and public sector, however, most general practitioners are private, self-employed, practitioners (Hutchinson, 2015). In addition, there are 46 public hospitals and 19 private hospitals meaning that most general practitioners open their own clinic, but most specialists work in the public sector or have a mix in both private and public sectors (TransferWise & Hutchinson, 2015). General practitioners are well recognized in the health care system in Ireland as they are publicly funded and there is a college which oversees them called the Irish College of General Practitioners which was founded in 1984 (ICGP, 2017 & Hutchinson, 2015). In terms of access to care, Ireland has an 88% accessibility of care and 90% of respondents to a survey considered the quality of GP care good in Ireland (Masseria et al., 2006). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1550970056344-550EPAULJ46JXSBY0VOU/ireland.png Ireland - Ireland Population, (2017): 4.784 M Income per Capita, (2018): 74433.46 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 7.76% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1587171234255-AV8W6JWTQ8XSUHXWY4T5/image-asset.jpeg Ireland https://globalfamilymedicine.org/albania daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551075101533-MS1S3QTSDZN2WG9QNPYZ/albania.png Albania - Albania Population (2017): 2.873 M Income per Capita (2018): 4,868.20 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.82% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551075106066-0IKNO3S99UKML73Y5A3P/albania+.png Albania - Healthcare system Albania follows a universal healthcare system that was based from the soviet time. Currently Family medicine is becoming more recognized in the country with the aid of WONCA and the EU. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099707949-LDUM9YDVH721GZ8NYYK3/image-asset.jpeg Albania https://globalfamilymedicine.org/bangladesh daily 0.75 2022-08-12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551115565003-VJG7Z95ZSSVKE1RUI1FB/bagnla.png Bangladesh - Bangladesh Population (2017): 164.7 Million Income per capita (2018): 1,093.05 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 2.64 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551115567247-ON5JPZA40AV1Y1XAQIOS/bang.jpeg Bangladesh - Healthcare System There is a mixed health system since both the public and private sectors finance the primary healthcare. Approximately 30% of the population has access to primary health care (Mamun-Al-Mahtab et al., ). Family medicine in Bangladesh faces many challenges such as the lack of health professionals, homogenization of general practice while different realities co-exist, ignorance of specialists who dismiss family medicine, specialists not wanting to lose their family practice, and lack of interest in family medicine among fresh medical graduates (Mamun-Al-Mahtab, K., et al.). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308288098-VA3AS4T9S50QU3GHBDVU/image-asset.jpeg Bangladesh https://globalfamilymedicine.org/maldives daily 0.75 2020-04-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551116485629-QM317HGM8MWENHERDFRI/maldives.png Maldives - healthcare system There is poor connectivity within the healthcare system, since most islands don’t have a health post from which the family health workers (FHW) can do their work (World Health Organization, 2012). As of the Infant Mortality (1000 live births) is 11 and the under 5 mortality (1000 live births) is 14 (Sulaiman et al., 2014). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551116446873-JQNW12JGUELC9V66NSI6/mal.png Maldives - Maldives Population (2017): 436,330 Income per capita (2018): 8,980 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 11.5 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308409676-6Y71KBBS35VKKFZ3LFGF/image-asset.jpeg Maldives https://globalfamilymedicine.org/barbados daily 0.75 2020-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1560973136052-HWLK3CUB5L8W4I3S29YB/ddd49a22-a1ca-4978-a23b-7ae54d0ded69.png Barbados - Barbados Population, (2017): 285,719 Income per Capita, (2018): 16978.70 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 7.46% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553186350952-H3QGKLGW2V5XV9F9U6SH/barbados+flag.jpg Barbados - Healthcare System https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585870329677-JFBP35J6HP1TD86V28P4/image-asset.jpeg Barbados https://globalfamilymedicine.org/ponka-evidentiary-bases daily 0.75 2019-04-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554831575247-FIMUL92YYZT7R8HVIMOA/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.36.40+PM.png Ponka Evidentiary Bases https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554831626120-LK3R8U8C96D71NJUMA0Z/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.37.11+PM.png Ponka Evidentiary Bases https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554831601180-9OFZW68WJJDYV6HENN8Q/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.36.55+PM.png Ponka Evidentiary Bases https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554831506475-X1752Z96HWCZT2ANV9GE/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.36.20+PM.png Ponka Evidentiary Bases https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554831654331-F4ZPV9B14LYDM2ZOFV8Z/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.37.22+PM.png Ponka Evidentiary Bases https://globalfamilymedicine.org/macau daily 0.75 2021-04-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551053200207-MNZSGXKBLKQTGB2E6CS3/macua.png Macau - Macau Population (2018): 632,418 (World Population, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 55936.80 US (Income per Capita, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): Unknown. DALY: 15,279/100,000 individuals (due to all causes). Life Expectancy: Males and Females: 84.0 Years Mortality rate 2017: Males: 59 per 1,000 male adults. Females: No data Infant Immunization-HepB3: % of 1-year-old children recieved: 99% College of Family Physicians (Y or N): No https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303747083-34LO03XVZLHVHB6QEUFU/image-asset.jpeg Macau https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-25 daily 0.75 2020-04-07 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1551062876244-EMWAULU17IEEYOZBLK8E/north+asia.png Region Overview - North Asia The North Asian region constitutes Russia, with the western portion of the country in Europe, and comprises more than 33 million of the world’s population29. Incomplete documentation and a lack of research conducted in this country resulted in poor findings and a failure to understand the state of family medicine within this region. Additionally, the political state and the lack of government support and funding in the healthcare sector, increases the instability seen in primary care. Russia’s large size and transcontinental domain adds to the challenge. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586303191313-I8BXJ8NFT44ZCXZO0R6B/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/israel daily 0.75 2020-03-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552612441621-TCPW3IGTSD4WNDQQF7GS/israel+map.png Israel - israel Population (2017, M): 8.712 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 34134.81 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2015): 7.43 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1552612673918-JQJX141S1KJLJP0S8Z3K/israel+flag.png Israel - healthcare system The health system in Israel is mostly public, as coverage is provided through the National Health Insurance plan (Cárdenas-lópez et al., n.d.) Family medicine is recognized by the Israeli Medical Association, Israel Association of Family Physicians, Health Ministry, Scientific Council of the Israel Medical Association, and the National Scientific Council (Axelrod & Nester, n.d.; Cárdenas-lópez et al., n.d.) Most family physicians are employed in the public sector (Cárdenas-lópez et al., n.d.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585190077360-ZBOJE9T7CQ5YR97OWRV2/image-asset.jpeg Israel https://globalfamilymedicine.org/jamaica daily 0.75 2020-04-04 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553188082637-12A6BNOAOHDHPLULHHXK/jamacia.jpeg Jamaica - Healthcare System The healthcare system in this country is public providing all health services to all residents, this also includes prescription medications. With this being said, there does exist private clinics and hospitals that are provided with those residents who have the finances to pay for these services. There has been a shift n Jamaica from communicable to non-communicable chronic conditions and this is due to lifestyle changes and mandates by the government. There has also been an increase focus on community awareness and education https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553188085054-NU38SWBO78BU7862VBHV/0cce44a0-d37c-4e03-b842-1e2a8353a151.png Jamaica - Jamaica Population, (2017): 2.89 M Income per Capita, (2018): 4798.21 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 5.93% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585870603056-NOV9OM3UXQN2CJ802T2B/image-asset.jpeg Jamaica https://globalfamilymedicine.org/trinidad-and-tobago daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553189678685-WU3RFZLHTYT9SVHCGL2R/5106-004-664F07F3.jpg Trinidad and Tobago - Trinidad and Tobago Population, (2017): 1.369 M Income per Capita, (2018): 15350.90 US Percentage of GDP on healthcare, (2015): 6.02% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553189651924-DVPXGNVXMLGNMD63ZRDO/Trinidad+and+Tobago+.jpeg Trinidad and Tobago - Healthcare System The healthcare system in Trinidad and Tobago is a mix of public and private health systems. Some physicians separate their days or weeks and work in both. In public systems, they are usually in a team and in the private system, there is a mix of solo and group practices. Family medicine is well recognized here due to its public funding and also to the fact that preference is given to physicians who are qualified in family medicine over ones that are not. Family medicine is also recognized by the medical board as a specialist. There is also a college that rules over them called the CCFP, the Caribbean College of Family Physicians, with a Trinidad chapter which was created on world family doctor day in 2018. There are roughly 200 family physicians in the public sector and around 400 in the private sector (personal interview, 2018). Everyone theoretically has access to free health care. Some barriers are location, transport and waiting times. Some patients go to the private system to save time. All vaccination protocols except varicella are covered by the government and vaccinations are a legal requirement for entry into school. The private sector doesn’t have access to all medications because of supplier issues, but the public system is better in this regard as it has different channels to get vaccines from. Most essential medications are available to the population. Family physicians have a good stock of equipment such as stethoscopes, BP kits, glucose testing machines, ECG machines, and ophthalmoscopes (personal interview, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585871194662-780RZNLPZQ8CB3XY9VF5/image-asset.jpeg Trinidad and Tobago https://globalfamilymedicine.org/palestine-1 daily 0.75 2022-07-15 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553408161589-BUT292QSIRTDISMMURKW/plestine+flag+.jpg Palestine - healthcare system Healthcare in Palestine includes private and public coverage; thus it is a mixed system (Foundation for International Development of Family Medicine in Palestine, n.d.). Family medicine is recognized by the Ministry of Health (Health Systems Profile-Palestine, n.d.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1553408105069-SD9HAJWEVYGT11YI6DD3/unnamed.png Palestine - Palestine Population (2017, M): 5.106 Income per Capita, (2018, USD): 1997.30 Percentage of GDP on Healthcare, (2012): 12 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585255981629-SH3KRWIU3AYP5BN6J9QR/image-asset.jpeg Palestine https://globalfamilymedicine.org/references daily 0.75 2019-04-24 https://globalfamilymedicine.org/sponsor daily 0.75 2021-11-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1636671886426-RKLY8ZFQDV6S9SNR1ADJ/1200px-McMaster_University_logo.svg.png Sponsor https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1636671920957-AWJFKG2OZWXS53LVWL59/wludesktop_logo.png Sponsor https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1636672006147-N4N273QOX7FPFHLMZ1D3/wonca-logo.jpeg Sponsor https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1636672007769-9XFX72G69JP3B4RN6L12/the-college-of-family-physicians-canada-cfpc-logo-vector.png Sponsor https://globalfamilymedicine.org/gibson-approaching-global-definition daily 0.75 2019-04-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832910731-8ZP4T1D507I1DQYQSXET/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.57.32+PM.png Gibson Approaching Global Definition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832802967-NOV614QF6DDCS30XWLTP/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.56.39+PM.png Gibson Approaching Global Definition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832843165-HPPDXUHBI315JSJDGTTZ/image-asset.png Gibson Approaching Global Definition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832869235-6E7OZPQ4NRU7799B49Q9/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.57.11+PM.png Gibson Approaching Global Definition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832896622-6IRUKXQU9S8SVVNYCEZ6/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.57.21+PM.png Gibson Approaching Global Definition https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832826596-0CVMXGM90MOKD3KHKRZ8/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.56.52+PM.png Gibson Approaching Global Definition https://globalfamilymedicine.org/finland- daily 0.75 2020-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556131598883-D77WYW4KCIYYPQTZI0UH/finland.png Finland - Finland Population (2017): 5.503 M Income per Capita (2018): 47,057.62 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 9.45% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556131604375-KDCGC2Y9KQUPT9LBR6MO/finland+map.png Finland - Healthcare system Finland has a public health care system. (Kringos et al., n.d.) The Finnish Society of General Practice was founded in 1983 (Gorbatow, 1984). https://globalfamilymedicine.org/latvia- daily 0.75 2020-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556133451801-6TDCMFQE4KAR2E7ODFXK/latvia.png Latvia - Latvia Population (2017): 1.95 M Income per Capita (2018): 15,553.33 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.76% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556133461825-KZPSDYVL0PHRP7SLG5UG/latvia+map.png Latvia - healthcare system The Latvian Family Physicians Association has 1225 members (Sākumlapa LLĢĀA Latvijas Lauku Ģimenes Ārstu Asociācija, n.d.). and the Latvian Rural Family Physicians Association has 503 members (Kringos et al., n.d.) “Most (90%) family doctors are self-employed practitioners with a contract with the health insurance fund – the Health Payment Centre – while about 8% of family doctors are salaried with health authorities and 2% are self-employed practitioners without a contract and are paid by patients out of pocket.” (Kringos et al., n.d.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1587171101720-9RH4ZH2H3SSUNBM3H7DV/image-asset.jpeg Latvia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/greece daily 0.75 2020-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556130491888-GL36CNFTM0LMHUCJTHU1/greece.png Greece - Greece Population (2018): 10.77 M (World Bank, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 23027.41 US (Trading Economics, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 8.38% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556130496354-3N0XJJC8HAMWWHHHEZVH/greece+flag.png Greece - Healthcare System Greece has a mixed healthcare system (Allianz Care, n.d.) In terms of family medicine, two organizations have been recognized by the Greek government and doctors: Greece-ELEGEIA (Greek company of general medicine doctors) and ENOSI (Greek union of medicine general doctors). Also, publicly funded by the government through insurance funds and private insurance schemes finance health care (Allianz Care, n.d.) https://globalfamilymedicine.org/iceland- daily 0.75 2020-03-23 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556132676302-ZRQB7A67NJA0DVCFCO4E/iceland+flag.png Iceland - Healthcare System Primary care health centers are funded by the Ministry of Health (Kringos et al., n.d.). “The Icelandic Medical Association speaks for all of the medical specialties. They appear to have had a stronger voice and has been the prime mover in developing a primary care system that does not have a “gatekeeping” function, where people may refer themselves directly to specialists.” (Kringos et al., n.d.) “Most GPs (about 185 in total) are salaried, employed on a contract by the Ministry of Health. Around 30 other GPs work on a combination of private fees and fee-for-service paid by the state. GPs may choose to have a fixed salary or 80% fixed salary and additional fee-for-service payments.” (Kringos et al., n.d.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556132671457-GC26PGS8RMB3Y3MYN204/iceland.png Iceland - Iceland Population (2017): 338,349 Income per Capita (2018): 49,910.01 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 8.61% https://globalfamilymedicine.org/arya-fam-med-around-world daily 0.75 2019-04-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554833374929-4LJSC0FRNL2WDWDNCX0S/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+2.05.39+PM.png Arya Family Medicine Around the World https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554833268249-3KHHWEHG3PBTBUMEBWHA/image-asset.png Arya Family Medicine Around the World https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554833242346-VVBFAJ8WUHCW6PXYLJSN/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+2.04.53+PM.png Arya Family Medicine Around the World https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554833350422-JOREGXCNMO4AAS2EA4J1/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+2.05.30+PM.png Arya Family Medicine Around the World https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554833390356-GCFNT2J9KRX3PI6NQPB9/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+2.05.53+PM.png Arya Family Medicine Around the World https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554833284831-2B9D8BTEW6K4L0PR033A/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+2.05.17+PM.png Arya Family Medicine Around the World https://globalfamilymedicine.org/arya-developing-fam-med-respond-global-challenges daily 0.75 2019-04-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554833809884-VH4M61DAUGIGZ9IVMRFI/image-asset.png Arya Developing Family Medicine to Respond to Global Challenges https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554833725512-4Q46BM0DTGZE62GIE1I7/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+2.13.28+PM.png Arya Developing Family Medicine to Respond to Global Challenges https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554833776284-NQBW4FYK50Z5OXIFLFQO/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+2.13.35+PM.png Arya Developing Family Medicine to Respond to Global Challenges https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554833792798-4IUYLPCRQLXC9KR2EJ91/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+2.13.48+PM.png Arya Developing Family Medicine to Respond to Global Challenges https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554833702454-22PR01HL5R7FA17KYTOZ/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+2.13.13+PM.png Arya Developing Family Medicine to Respond to Global Challenges https://globalfamilymedicine.org/syria daily 0.75 2020-06-14 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556655341001-ZI3NUOA3AKCDPST9O8U5/united-arab-emirates-flag-700x467.jpg United Arab Emirates - healthcare system UAE has 2 types of healthcare system that are separate from each other (personal interview, 2018). The first is government based with some primary care centers and referral hospitals for secondary and tertiary care (personal interview, 2018). The second is private based, where majority of people who use the service are covered under insurance (personal interview, 2018). It is mandatory to have insurance in UAE (personal interview, 2018). There is no connection or integration between family physicians in solo practice and doctors in hospitals since this is not allowed according to the law (personal interview, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592154410597-ZTY7DA15TP68DOJQ48H5/Screen+Shot+2020-06-14+at+1.06.32+PM.png United Arab Emirates - united arab emirates Population (2017): 9.4 Million Income per capita (2018): 41,197.17 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 3.47 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585188509166-Y1ZCQ97NEA8UATDP5R2U/image-asset.jpeg United Arab Emirates https://globalfamilymedicine.org/cyprus daily 0.75 2020-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556129644122-7JIG8BSNIUVRO1HXRS5Z/cyprus.png Cyprus - Cyprus Population (2018): 1.18 M (World Bank, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 25233.57 US (Trading Economics, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.77% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556129648897-9BFL0REUSIHBWBOYAUJY/cyprus+flag.png Cyprus - healthcare system Cyprus has a dual healthcare system with both private and public sectors (University of Nicosia, n.d.) Family medicine is recognized publicly by a semi-governmental organization, called the Health Insurance Organization funding low-and-medium-income citizens (Samoutis & Tedeschi, 2015) https://globalfamilymedicine.org/germany-1 daily 0.75 2021-07-20 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556132063694-DB9J8L7T9FGT9JTFCX1Q/germany.png Germany - Germany Population (2017): 82.52 M Income per Capita (2018): 46,747.19 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 11.15% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556132066567-UIB1K3HT5P4R3ABWH3UN/germany+flag.png Germany - healthcare system There is a statutory system covering 89% of population, 10% privately insured, and few individuals who are uninsured (personal interview, 2018). There is recognition however other specialties do not want to give larger room for family medicine (personal interview, 2018). There is a special budget allocated to primary care, this includes GPs, general internists, and pediatricians. Primary care is paid by universities and organizations such as kassenärztliche Vereinigung, Ärztekammer. GPs sometimes also receive incentives for working in underserved areas (personal interview, 2018). There are about 32,000 general practitioners (GPs) who are members of the Federation of General Practitioners (Hausärzteverband), which is a family medicine society, and 3300 GPs belong to the German College of General Practitioners and Family Physicians (DEGAM), founded in 1966 (German Society for General Medicine and Family Medicine. n.d.) https://globalfamilymedicine.org/serbia daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556653200527-H5I3GHEBIMHR6RJERS17/1febda99-908d-40b2-aa74-341cf4c99e83.png Croatia - Croatia Population (2017): 4.154 M Income per Capita (2018): 13,294.51 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 7.40% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556653438880-ELCB5YKQDDX2TSD09PMZ/croatian-flag-medium-570x600.png Croatia - healthcare system Croatia has a universal healthcare system that is not provided by tax money but through a mandatory health insurance (MIH) that provides the right to healthcare for all of its citizens. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585100132525-3CO21ZHVTTIROF5MWDOP/image-asset.jpeg Croatia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/bulgaria-1 daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556652602151-U2KFL5Z61CY15OJOYFYK/9d698d18-d081-4ae1-9ad6-d8fb6b4f7d63.png Serbia - Serbia Population (2017): 7.022 M Income per Capita (2018): 5,992.28 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 9.41% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556652909027-SEMDLI2QMMC04U0EX7MY/2000px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png Serbia - healthcare system The Section of General Practice of the Serbian Medical Society was founded in 1966 (Section of General Practice of Serbian Medical Society, n.d.) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099952655-6MAZC0TKPYXOKFG0GDQ7/image-asset.jpeg Serbia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/belgium daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556129294046-ZZ5GZ6L99KP58L9UHZHJ/belgium+flag.png Belgium - Healthcare system Belgium has a mixed healthcare system; public and private (Expatica, n.d.) Family medicine is recognized financially by the government, social security contributions and voluntary private health insurance (Cartier et al., 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556129231316-7JO84FGVY1932R1EQ7Z8/belgium.png Belgium - belgium Population (2018): 11.35 M (World Bank, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 46078.93 US (Trading Economics, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 10.48% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1587171321383-YSD9QYDRTO64TQ0567PQ/image-asset.jpeg Belgium https://globalfamilymedicine.org/france daily 0.75 2020-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556130118412-VCIEVZCU51EENQ86BAZH/france.png France - France Population (2018): 67.12 M (World Bank, 2018) Income per Capita (2018): 42567.74 US (Trading Economics, 2018) Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 11.07% (World Bank, 2015) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556130208247-7JJM77JYI2URX0ZCF3DT/france+flag.png France - healthcare system France has a mixed healthcare system (personal interview, 2018) Family medicine is recognized financially, patients pay directly to the doctor but are reimbursed by the social security (personal interview, 2018) https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-1 daily 0.75 2020-07-06 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1594076083887-EP5UXCQ4V3M3OW34HGJ1/Screen+Shot+2020-07-06+at+6.54.17+PM.png Region Overview - Africa Family medicine in Sub-Saharan Africa is a relatively new concept in most countries, thus family physicians are still trying to find their place within the healthcare system. Family medicine is not always recognized by the government, which has created issues in the implementation of family medicine programs. Family physicians are still discovering their role within the healthcare industry in many regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585520441499-08VXKSFUW5DXU8CWFNTQ/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/region-overview-5 daily 0.75 2021-09-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592716505381-EAJV1SA09W0ICR7QOI9O/Screen+Shot+2020-06-21+at+1.14.12+AM.png Region Overview - North America/Non-Hispanic Caribbean Family medicine is quite established in North America. Canada and the USA are quite similar in the way that they train their family physicians and the length of training as well. Both of these countries require high school to be completed, along with an undergraduate degree. This degree varies in length from 3-4 years, as some medical schools will accept a student out of a 3rd-year in their undergraduate degree. After getting in, there is a 4-year medical school training followed by a 2-year residency in Canada and a 3-year residency in the States. Canada has the shortest residency program for family physician training. Canada’s first residency was created in 1966 and the USA’s was created in 1968. Both of these countries have relatively high ratios of family doctors and physicians to the population. Family doctors are used as gatekeepers in both settings and both healthcare systems are a mix of private and public, with the States predominantly having a private system. Many of the countries in the Non-Hispanic Caribbean region do not have residency programs for family medicine and only offer diplomas. Family medicine is a fairly new concept and is not fully developed in these countries. The only countries in this region with training programs are Trinidad and Tobago which has a 2-year diploma which was started in 2000, St. Lucia with a 2-year diploma that started in 2008, Jamaica with a 3-year masters program that has been restarted in 2010, a 3-year masters in Guyana that started in 2015, Barbados with a 3-year masters program that started in 1981, the Bahamas with a 2-year diploma which started in 2002, and finally Haiti with a 3-year residency program that was established in 2011. These values are all according to the University of West Indies and its affiliate campuses. According to WONCA, the Caribbean region as a whole has a college of family physicians that was formed in 1987 (The Caribbean College of Family Physicians). On average most of these countries require a high school education along with a couple years of an undergraduate degree. Most medical schools are between 4-7 years in length depending on if some courses weren’t taken in undergraduate studies or if the applicant skipped an undergraduate degree and needed to take any preparation programs at the medical school. Most of the medical schools in this region prepare their students to write the USMLE’s where they get matched for residency in the USA. The majority of family physicians in this region are gatekeepers due to the public sector of healthcare present in these countries, however Haiti is predominantly a private healthcare system and as a result, the family physicians rarely act as gatekeepers here. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586308580809-GAFID5NSS4PZWRJF9WAK/image-asset.jpeg Region Overview https://globalfamilymedicine.org/commonlyusedterms daily 0.75 2024-04-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1714282084953-SYJX0P3Y36EGQHOVIRF0/niagara-1590345_1920.jpg Commonly Used Terms https://globalfamilymedicine.org/portugal daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556482606723-JN02LCXUICDN5GC4T487/port.png Portugal - healthcare system Portugal has a mixed healthcare system, but all residents of Portugal have access to healthcare through the National Health Service. (Barros et al., 2011). Since this system is essentially a mixed healthcare system, citizens with higher incomes and who are from a higher SES, they can opt to see a specialist directly without needing to approach a family physician prior. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556482606486-C6KJ47KHH4AQFA1EKGTW/09bd9fdc-a861-4f97-ae5c-9b8f448cd3e7.png Portugal - Portugal Population (2017): 10.300 M Income per Capita (2018): 15,593.64 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 9.08% https://globalfamilymedicine.org/gibson-narratives daily 0.75 2019-04-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832277191-F0UXWDRSKEBQZV8LCMKZ/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.47.27+PM.png Gibson Narratives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832204323-N6TEQM1HEWYUHL2T536W/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.47.18+PM.png Gibson Narratives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832305686-DYVMFTYGWA2KFPFWAPMR/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.47.42+PM.png Gibson Narratives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832169874-NNX0ZP1YK83C3VF1SCEJ/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.47.05+PM.png Gibson Narratives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832372881-U729SCHM7PQHP65DY2NN/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.48.10+PM.png Gibson Narratives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832324721-9GHQAYSL18A8VF57Y64E/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.47.50+PM.png Gibson Narratives https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1554832344322-ES9M1BA87MUQ6NSV7DLX/Screen+Shot+2019-04-09+at+1.48.02+PM.png Gibson Narratives https://globalfamilymedicine.org/spain daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556482392135-EIBXCX2OW2VVZ7UB2SHA/e68dbcec-66bc-4b04-a916-57e7c7c405e8.png Spain - Spain Population (2017): 46.593 M Income per Capita (2018): 32,405.75 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 9.2% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1556482438554-37YSLJ2W2HR1ZY3NR5NT/spain.png Spain - healthcare system Spain has a universal healthcare system (Dedeu et al., 2015). as of 2006 there are 287.4 physicians and 69.4 GPs per 100000 poeple - primary care in Europe article, 45 public and 19 private hospitals https://transferwise.com/gb/blog/healthcare-system-in-ireland https://globalfamilymedicine.org/malta daily 0.75 2020-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558441078473-ISE70899JKXO8ID4MB8N/image30.png Malta - healthcare system Malta has a mixed healthcare system, with family doctors working in both private and public sectors (Huhn, 2018). Family medicine is recognized, as training is run by the state. The Malta College of Family Doctors was founded in 1989, (Malta College of Family Doctors, 2018) but their training program began much later. Training is now run by the state, and family medicine is recognized as a specialty. There is also an association for private practice family doctors but it is not as strong of an organization (Malta College of Family Doctors, 2018). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558441055714-2JYPU7ZLM5POHA4IFJC6/pasted+image+0+%283%29.png Malta - malta Population (2017): 460,297 Income per Capita (2018): 36,513.32 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 9.62% https://globalfamilymedicine.org/romania daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558441699491-78YU2SC0WVMX81TILVGG/image32.png Romania - healthcare system The Romanian National Society of Family Medicine was founded in 1990. Romania provides universal healthcare in the primary, secondary, and tertiary health sectors. This is overlooked by the Romanian ministry of health. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558441654778-2W2CX3QG3E4SH5IOMTO7/pasted+image+0+%285%29.png Romania - romania Population (2017): 19.64 M Income per Capita (2018): 10,932.33 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 4.95% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585100363167-GWJC4LZUUFLG4AOYQ6GX/image-asset.jpeg Romania https://globalfamilymedicine.org/kuwait daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558442760796-8UEFQJ4UDQW5YG2ED2LC/image2.png Kuwait - Kuwait Population (2017): 4.137 Million Income per capita (2018): 33,545.60 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 4.03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558442780439-SDJSJDFOFEWZJ7XVM5YB/image1.png Kuwait - healthcare system Kuwait recognizes family medicine both formally and publicly as a medical specialty (Abyad et al., 2007). The country started to develop a modern healthcare system during the early twentieth century (Lakha et al., 2015). Recently, the Ministry of Health has bought good medical equipment that will be used primarily for treatment rather than prevention. Both public and private healthcare providers offer comprehensive health services (Lakha et al., 2015). There are 6 public and 12 private hospitals and over 100 primary health centers operate across the 6 health regions (Lakha et al.). Everyone in Kuwait has access to primary healthcare services (Lakha et al.). However, Kuwait nationals can access health services free of charge, while non-nationals pay for health insurance and make small co-payments when accessing primary health centers (Lakha et al.). A person’s nationality could be a barrier when seeking health care services due to the discrimination faced (Lakha et al.). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585190892971-E79SKWNOEGTCAD7KNTHN/image-asset.jpeg Kuwait https://globalfamilymedicine.org/italy daily 0.75 2020-03-22 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558439854399-7CGTARU3JNM1PR530L3O/pasted+image+0.png Italy - Italy Population (2017): 60.59 M Income per Capita (2018): 34,877.83 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 9.00% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558439808457-BBQLZHQMNK05PIPGGC0L/italy.png Italy - healthcare system Italy’s health system is universal but patients can also pay to see a private doctor (Stranges, 2018). The majority of doctors work in public sectors, although some choose to work in private. Some doctors work in both public and private sectors (Stranges, 2008). Family medicine is recognized in Italy, as it is part of continuity of care. The CSeRMEG (Center for Studies and Research in General Medicine) was founded in 1985, and is a part of WONCA (CSeRMEG, n.d.) https://globalfamilymedicine.org/kosovo daily 0.75 2022-09-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558440050150-HG7OH1EHKI170FIPKG9Q/pasted+image+0+%281%29.png Kosovo - Portugal Population (2017): 1.831 M Income per Capita (2018): 4,068.21 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): unknown https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558439998932-A4TEYIMBBX6LEJJOCL64/image28.png Kosovo - healthcare system Family medicine was established in 2005 (Rawlinson et al., 2016). There are 6 years of medical school, with family medicine taught at 2 universities, Medical Faculty of the University of Pristina and Kosovska Mitrovica (Brekke et al., 2013). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585100182304-D33W5IZRVBTTRCEI1HVY/image-asset.jpeg Kosovo https://globalfamilymedicine.org/macedonia daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558440731966-QQTVKFIBHANPRWIM4GO7/image29.png Macedonia - Healthcare System In Macedonia all permanent residents have a right to healthcare with universal healthcare covering unlimited visits to a primary care physician, observations, and treatments. There is also private healthcare in the country. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558440706908-7253ORXKT1WGM3H0XMSN/pasted+image+0+%282%29.png Macedonia - Macedonia (Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia) Population (2017): 2.074 M Income per Capita (2018): 13,111.21 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 6.09% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585099531952-4EJEYTBILGE0HB13ENKR/image-asset.jpeg Macedonia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/montenegro daily 0.75 2020-03-25 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558441404587-32NS1IEVAITP44I0NT3S/pasted+image+0+%284%29.png Montenegro - montenegro Population (2017): 622,471 Income per Capita (2018): 7,812.95 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015): 5.97% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1558441424897-I0GI072XI3B0CLPP4OE2/image31.png Montenegro - healthcare system Little data has been found at this time. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1585100297339-6RDW8A4FN28TFLAYMRTW/image-asset.jpeg Montenegro https://globalfamilymedicine.org/new-page daily 0.75 2020-04-08 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1586321150400-0KYR1IP1H0URY1JTI8IY/image-asset.jpeg Healthcare Systems https://globalfamilymedicine.org/type-of-training-by-country daily 0.75 2022-07-26 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1583106479331-1I0K31N2LAIH7CDY4AXT/egypt%2Bflag.png Type of Training by Country - Egypt: The following forms of training programs are offered in Egypt: Residency or Masters. With limited information on the type of training, Egypt requires one form of training or the other in order for one to practice Family Medicine. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1583106622031-MWCENWP3FTD82XBPJLGK/pakisatna.png Type of Training by Country - Pakistan: The following forms of training programs are offered in Pakistan: Residency, Fellowship, and a Membership two-year training under the college overseeing Family Physicians in Pakistan. The residency program is the formal form of training in Pakistan and is four years long. In order for one to practice here a minimum 2-year membership training is required as the minimum requirement. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1583106668336-GWZ48U2GCQHV4H2BBCQO/singapore%2Bflag.png Type of Training by Country - Singapore: There are a variety of programs for family medicine on a postgraduate level. In 2000, a two-year graduate diploma of Family Medicine (GDFM) was started (Wonca Europe). At the same time, the Collegiate Membership by Assessment (MCFP) and the two-year Fellowship by Assessment (FCFP) were developed by the College of Family Physician Singapore (Wonca Europe & Goh, Lee Gan, and Chooi Peng Ong, 2014). he College recognizes doctors with GDFM as certified family physicians (FP), the MCFP as Senior family physicians, and the FCFP as consultant family physicians (Wonca Europe). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1583106601300-LFX0Z3V7JBL8JSAOWFMD/India.png Type of Training by Country - India: The following forms of training programs are offered in India: Residency, Masters, and a Diploma. It is not mandatory for medical school graduates to complete postgraduate training in order to practice as a family physician in India (Mash et al., 2015). The residency is a three-year program that is offered at 5 institutions. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1583106700100-H76KSMYAF4OM5RN0TMTL/belgium%2Bflag.png Type of Training by Country - Belgium: Belgium has a residency program, with an advanced Master’s education, it requires 6 years of Medical School, and 3 years of residency in combination with an advanced Master’s education (Belgium - Medical Residency Database, n.d.). https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1583105983948-35NRZZIOA1BK9PS6GL9G/image-asset.jpeg Type of Training by Country - Nuances within Countries The following countries contain more than one form of training. Some countries include more than one type of training to be mandatory. Others require certain mandatory types of training while providing additional elective forms of training. While others have interchangeable forms of training with no specific one being required, or being better than the other. The following countries at the bottom contain one of these nuances and are explained as follows: https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1583103022784-E9HOL4AZBK00PBNV12K5/image-asset.jpeg Type of Training by Country https://globalfamilymedicine.org/andorra daily 0.75 2020-05-31 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1588035903644-K9MMCWU3W5FCB2CLEKFV/andorrra.png Andorra Andorra Population (2017): 77,006 Income per Capita (2018): 39,134 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015):9.08% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1588036276180-RZWNM90N6KQCGQELFUR2/andoo.png Andorra - Healthcare System "The primary providers of health care services in Andorra are independent office-based general practitioners and specialists who attend both public and privately financed patients". https://globalfamilymedicine.org/luxembourg daily 0.75 2020-04-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1588036944571-S5R3QKMAHHHCUNW7BCFT/luxeee.jpg Luxembourg Luxembourg Population (2017): 77,006 Income per Capita (2018): 39,134 US Percentage of GDP on Healthcare (2015):9.08% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1588036860053-S8B0GIBBF3V9SRYH6NWJ/luxi.png Luxembourg - Healthcare System https://globalfamilymedicine.org/new-page-1 daily 0.75 2022-07-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1589739273180-SXU9I942N0ST18OCKLV9/image-asset.jpeg References Page https://globalfamilymedicine.org/niger daily 0.75 2020-06-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592718289938-P71HLM7N9YEAZUFBY6OH/Screen+Shot+2020-06-21+at+1.44.27+AM.png Niger - niger https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592718361964-TFIGK80KNCQ6MR2X063J/image-asset.jpeg Niger https://globalfamilymedicine.org/new-page-3 daily 0.75 2020-06-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592718472103-FK23TUS6OF9ND8X42IGR/Screen+Shot+2020-06-21+at+1.47.36+AM.png Sierra Leone - Sierra Leone https://globalfamilymedicine.org/liberia daily 0.75 2020-06-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592718161076-KH9J27QHH2QGVQ6L6HZ9/Screen+Shot+2020-06-21+at+1.42.27+AM.png Liberia - Libeia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592718188428-L91DV0PIHDQAPLXC8AUU/image-asset.jpeg Liberia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/somalia daily 0.75 2020-06-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592718574324-V8MVEEJCSQSN8LT98Y6U/Screen+Shot+2020-06-21+at+1.49.21+AM.png Somalia - somalia https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592718623814-XU6ECLZHVTNLHK0T4RG7/image-asset.jpeg Somalia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/angola daily 0.75 2020-06-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592717525185-IEWOA9QSTIO26BBZYL1H/Screen+Shot+2020-06-21+at+1.31.50+AM.png Angola - Angola Population: https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592717559727-7QYG3BYW1FMUJTUDOK1R/image-asset.jpeg Angola https://globalfamilymedicine.org/new-page-2 daily 0.75 2020-06-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592717906011-S77DUD29A0BPZCS5TQ63/Screen+Shot+2020-06-21+at+1.38.12+AM.png Congo - Congo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592717965645-RALVCWH23G15YUTTYTF9/image-asset.jpeg Congo https://globalfamilymedicine.org/zambia-liberia daily 0.75 2020-06-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592719011085-TFH6TK6BAMW19EXQGF4X/Screen+Shot+2020-06-21+at+1.56.26+AM.png Zambia - Zambia Liberia https://globalfamilymedicine.org/burundi daily 0.75 2020-06-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592717702801-4OILPODF72XOAIS2BL1M/Screen%2BShot%2B2020-06-21%2Bat%2B1.33.52%2BAM.jpg Burundi - burundi https://globalfamilymedicine.org/south-sudan-1 daily 0.75 2020-06-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592718849957-3AS2GOABDV6MRBZ2LNAQ/Screen+Shot+2020-06-21+at+1.53.56+AM.png South Sudan https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592718884731-M3XY5FL2G5WAH2XHL015/image-asset.jpeg South Sudan https://globalfamilymedicine.org/national-bodies daily 0.75 2022-08-11 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1592112243014-B4N5NNERNPACCXJ02LPR/image-asset.jpeg National Bodies https://globalfamilymedicine.org/editorial-board daily 0.75 2021-11-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1618615201601-XZG4ZQ5ZB268KOWOLZ99/Picture1.png Editorial Board https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/2079fe87-9e31-4b35-957b-ad4507d8a652/Amanda+Howe.jpeg Editorial Board - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1618249855053-LFPVO16IHZDQ3CLE1TIU/Picture2.png Editorial Board https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1618244778991-79UDP8DVBVRLE6M7WDC8/Picture1.png Editorial Board https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1635444415982-9I475FBI6HMS8E9R9EOQ/dr-raman-kumar-5fc7921d7dad6.jpeg Editorial Board - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1626809493207-VKA8D91J027ZL2961IRS/Erika_Baum.jpg Editorial Board 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Diseases https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1598284073361-TD4R5IP5EYORW1FEUBF7/Slide3.jpeg Neglected Tropical Diseases https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1598284073324-TEUD59D98WE4LJFDR5NA/Slide4.jpeg Neglected Tropical Diseases https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1598284073895-YMHDTR1Q0V6S1KXZD5NJ/Slide5.jpeg Neglected Tropical Diseases https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1598284075026-TR0XAB0AW18CXVL2120C/Slide6.jpeg Neglected Tropical Diseases https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1598284075135-S9GZDRXLIOZOGP4OC2RN/Slide7.jpeg Neglected Tropical Diseases https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1598284075728-QB3HYKXPF8Z6XP3HEM2J/Slide8.jpeg Neglected Tropical Diseases 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1714281912462-8PLYX76EU6D3ECJTQ1F4/volunteer-3129484_1920.png Volunteer https://globalfamilymedicine.org/student-authors daily 0.75 2024-03-21 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/1633027474783-KT79F5TU4N7AK4Q72OOI/unsplash-image-2JIvboGLeho.jpg Student Authors https://globalfamilymedicine.org/new-page-4 daily 0.75 2022-08-15 https://globalfamilymedicine.org/message daily 0.75 2021-11-05 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/74c4ab1f-d11b-4861-b713-bb3273ba508f/download.png Message from the WONCA President Elect - Make it stand out Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5c5313499d5abb8958c39bf0/369553f5-6f32-46d4-864f-e97ddada9e33/Stavdal+Anna+formal.jpeg Message from the WONCA President Elect