training

Year family medicine was established: 1979 (Farhat , 2017)

Type of Training: Residency or Master’s program (after 1 year internship) (personal interview, 2018)

Length of Training: 1 year (internship) + 4 years (residency) or 3 years (Master’s) (personal interview, 2018)

Number of institutions that offer family medicine: 3 (Obeidat et al., 2017)

Number of family medicine residents graduating each year: 10-20 per program (personal interview, 2018)

practice

Family doctor to patients ratio: 1 doctor:1,971 patients (Obeidat et al., 2017)

Physician to population ratio: 54 per 100,000 people (International Statistics, n.d.).

DALY: 18,613 per 100,000 individuals (Due to all Causes).

Life Expectancy:

• Females 2017: 74.0 years

• Males 2017: 69.5 years

Mortality rate 2017:

• 2017 Males: 184 per 1,000 male adults.

• 2017 Females: 107 per 1,000 female adults.

Infant Immunization-HepB3: % of 1-year-old children received: 95%

College of Family Physicians (Y or N):

• No

Training:

Training in Egypt entails a 1 year internship to become GP which is actually required by all graduating medical students and then a 4 year fellowship or a 3 year Master's. Therefore the first step to become a working doctor in this country is to undergo the one year internship that deems every graduating medical doctor a general practitioner.

practice:

No referral system has been set in place; all healthcare workers are considered primary care deliverers as patients can directly access any healthcare professional (personal interview, 2018) Thus, family doctors are not considered gatekeepers. Family doctors are mostly limited to disease prevention and health promotion. They are also in charge of routine check-ups and basic vaccines for children (personal interview, 2018) Primary care mostly consists of independent clinics focused on prevention and health promotion as well as hospital-based infrastructures with similar services (personal interview, 2018)

Primary care in Egypt is marked by discord and tension between physicians who hope to progress towards a preventative model, (while seeking equity in salary and resourcing), and a governmental system that undervalues general practitioners. Many general practitioners in Egypt are distressed by their lack of respect throughout governmental and healthcare systems (personal interview, 2018)